Aside from his actual exile, Cicero describes himself as an exile and overliver in two other stressful periods: during the civil war of 49 and during life at Rome under Caesar's autocracy. Scholars have long noted the exile imagery in Cicero's letters of 46–45, but not in those of 49. Also unnoticed is the image of the overliver, well known from epic and tragedy, who, shamed by a single event, feels he has lived too long yet cannot escape life. In the first two periods, Cicero also deftly employs the themes and figures of lamentation to underline his distress and his liminal state as an overliver and to rebut Atticus' criticism of his self‐pity. This self‐presentation, sustained over three lengthy and traumatic episodes of Cicero's life, contrasts with his occasional assumption of literary 'exempla' for his own behaviour.

中文翻译：

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西塞罗超越自我

除了实际流亡外，西塞罗还把自己描述为在另外两个压力时期中的流放和超越：在49内战期间和在凯撒独裁统治下的罗马生活中。长期以来，学者们一直注意到西塞罗（Cicero）46-45封信中的流放图像，但49封信中却没有。流血的图像，从史诗和悲剧中广为人知，由于一次事件而感到羞耻，他觉得自己已经活着太长而无法逃脱生命。在前两个时期，西塞罗还巧妙地运用了主题和哀叹的形象，强调了他的苦恼和边缘状态作为超验，并反驳了阿提克斯对他的自怜的批评。这种自我表现在西塞罗一生的三个漫长而痛苦的经历中得以维持，这与他偶尔为自己的行为假设文学“榜样”形成鲜明对比。