The study analyses the impact of workforce composition and employee isolation — based on age, gender and citizenship — on entry wages of new employment relationships in German firms using employer–employee data. We allow for heterogeneous effects across distinct groups of workers and include worker and firm fixed effects to account for selection effects and unobserved heterogeneity. The results point to a negative impact of gender and age diversity for males and females, natives and foreigners and workers across the skill spectrum. Only for high-skilled workers, the negative effect of gender diversity is not statistically significant. Females receive, in addition, relatively low entry wages in establishments with a rather old workforce. With regard to the relative position, mainly gender isolation tends to exert an important influence on entry wages. The effect is positive only for females. In contrast, we estimate significant negative wage effects for males, natives, medium- and high-skilled workers. An international background of a firm’s workforce and cultural isolation do not appear to generally affect entry wages.

中文翻译：

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劳动力构成和个人工资——雇主-雇员数据分析

该研究使用雇主-雇员数据分析了劳动力构成和员工隔离（基于年龄、性别和公民身份）对德国公司新雇佣关系的入职工资的影响。我们允许不同工人群体的异质效应，并包括工人和企业的固定效应，以解释选择效应和未观察到的异质性。结果表明，性别和年龄多样性对男性和女性、本地人和外国人以及整个技能范围内的工人都有负面影响。仅对高技能工人而言，性别多样性的负面影响在统计上并不显着。此外，女性在劳动力相当陈旧的机构中获得的入职工资相对较低。关于相对位置，主要是性别隔离往往对入门工资产生重要影响。效果仅对女性是积极的。相比之下，我们估计对男性、本地人、中高技能工人的工资有显着的负面影响。公司劳动力的国际背景和文化隔离似乎通常不会影响入职工资。