The present study examines the features and quality of visual representations (VRs) created by middle school students with learning disabilities and difficulties in mathematics in response to a released fraction item from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Relations between VR quality and scores on other measures of fraction knowledge are also investigated. Results show that students used circular area models most frequently to represent the NAEP item, but used bar models most accurately. Based on results, bar models may be the most efficient and effective area model VRs for use in fractions instruction. Representation quality was associated with problem-solving accuracy, as well as with performance on fraction number line estimation and fraction magnitude comparison. Implications for practice are discussed.

中文翻译：

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一张图片值 1,000 字吗？通过分析学生代表调查分数幅度知识

本研究调查了有学习障碍和数学困难的中学生根据国家教育进步评估 (NAEP) 发布的分数项目创建的视觉表征 (VR) 的特征和质量。还研究了 VR 质量与其他分数知识测量分数之间的关系。结果表明，学生最常使用圆形区域模型来表示 NAEP 项目，但使用条形模型最准确。根据结果​​，条形模型可能是用于分数教学的最有效和最有效的面积模型 VR。表示质量与解决问题的准确性以及分数数线估计和分数大小比较的性能相关。讨论了对实践的影响。