volume – where Leffingwell fits into the global exploration efforts during the early twentieth century. Once past Leffingwell’s early years and into his arrival on his largely self-financed Alaskan expeditions, Collins’s book begins to suffer from flaws and tedium. Many of the flaws are problems that an astute editor should have identified. For example, there are repeated problems related to a lack of consistency in reporting observations, particularly intermittent fluctuations between the reporting of temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit. The focus on minutiae that is not always relevant or important to the narrative is also problematic. In this regard, Collins seems often to be merely relating day-to-day journal entries that do not contribute to the reader’s understanding of Leffingwell’s experiences or his contributions to exploration. However, one of the themes of Collins’s book is the loneliness that Leffingwell must have endured during his often months-long solo work in the Arctic. In this regard, the daily redundancies of living and working in isolation are experienced by the reader through the recounting of Leffingwell’s monotony. If this effort to evoke isolation and tedium was Collins’s aim, then she succeeded. However, the book could have been just as meaningful and it could have read better without so much detail. Collins endeavors to highlight the role of and support from the indigenous Alaskans in Leffingwell’s journeys and his exploratory successes. In this regard, she is due much credit, as such individuals are often overlooked in the history of exploration. Unfortunately, she must rely on Leffingwell’s and others’ notes and perceptions of these people, as extant records of their own recollections and experiences do not seem to exist. Nonetheless, Collins should be commended for incorporating these narratives into Leffingwell’s story. Toward the end of the book, Collins spends time recounting Leffingwell’s post-Alaskan life and his legacy. This part of the book is fascinating, as it brings humanity to his seemingly lonely and antisocial existence during his exploration years. This section of the book reviews Leffingwell’s private life building cars, houses, and working his family land in California as well as his frequent communications and visits with other explorers that he worked with in Franz Josef Land and in Alaska. These later-life stories leave the reader wanting more and perhaps support a conclusion that Leffingwell’s post-Alaska life was more exciting than his exploration years. With the human story brought in toward the end of her book, Collins’s profile of Ernest Leffingwell can be said to be a meaningful tribute to his legacy. The volume is certainly wellresearched and will be of value to those interested in the early twentieth century exploration of Alaska.

中文翻译：

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近代早期意大利的新世界，1492-1750

体积——Leffingwell 在二十世纪初融入全球勘探工作的地方。过了莱芬威尔的早年，开始了他主要靠自筹资金的阿拉斯加探险队，柯林斯的书开始出现缺陷和乏味。许多缺陷是精明的编辑应该已经发现的问题。例如，反复出现与报告观察结果缺乏一致性有关的问题，特别是在以摄氏度和华氏度报告的温度之间存在间歇性波动。关注与叙事并不总是相关或重要的细节也是有问题的。在这方面，柯林斯似乎经常只是将日常日记条目联系起来，这些条目无助于读者理解莱芬威尔的经历或他对探索的贡献。然而，柯林斯这本书的主题之一是莱芬威尔在北极地区长达数月的个人工作中必须忍受的孤独。在这方面，读者通过对莱芬威尔单调的叙述，体会到了日常孤立生活和工作的冗余。如果这种唤起孤独和乏味的努力是柯林斯的目标，那么她就成功了。然而，这本书本来可以同样有意义，而且如果没有这么多细节，它本可以读得更好。柯林斯努力强调阿拉斯加土著人在 Leffingwell 的旅程和他的探索成功中的作用和支持。在这方面，她值得称赞，因为这样的人在探索史上经常被忽视。不幸的是，她必须依靠莱芬威尔和其他人对这些人的笔记和看法，因为他们自己的回忆和经历的现存记录似乎并不存在。尽管如此，柯林斯将这些叙述融入莱芬威尔的故事中应该受到赞扬。在本书的结尾，柯林斯花时间讲述了莱芬威尔在阿拉斯加后的生活和他的遗产。这本书的这一部分很吸引人，因为它将人性带入了他在探索岁月中看似孤独和反社会的生活。这本书的这一部分回顾了 Leffingwell 在加利福尼亚建造汽车、房屋和在他的家庭土地上工作的私人生活，以及他与他在弗朗兹约瑟夫地和阿拉斯加一起工作的其他探险家的频繁交流和访问。这些晚年生活的故事让读者想要更多，也许支持这样一个结论，即莱芬威尔的后阿拉斯加生活比他的探索岁月更令人兴奋。柯林斯在书的结尾处引入了人类故事，可以说柯林斯对欧内斯特·莱芬威尔的介绍是对他的遗产的有意义的致敬。这本书肯定是经过充分研究的，对于那些对 20 世纪早期阿拉斯加的探索感兴趣的人来说是有价值的。