ABSTRACT

This article analyzes the discursive functions of the expression ‘based on actual facts’, or related utterances such as ‘based on real events’, ‘based on a true story’, ‘inspired by a true story’, etc., through which documentary rhetoric is inscribed in fiction films. It is concluded that one of these functions is to substract fictional stories from textual and ideological criticism by means of a supposed closeness to ‘factuality’, creating a simulacrum of discursive transparency. Through the formula ‘based on real facts’, and similar ones, reality is identified with a specific form of representation, i.e. with a particular rhetoric. This is produced through a double movement: on the one hand, it is assumed that documentary film is or should be a faithful reflection of a reality that precedes it, and that it is, as a discourse, subordinated to and at the service of that supposed pre-discursive reality; on the other hand, once this candid perspective on documentary narrative has been assumed, the fictional discourse that is said to be ‘based on actual facts’ endorses with the truth-effect of documentary narratives (‘factual truth’) the discourse on values that is characteristic of fiction.

摘要

本文分析了“基于实际事实”或“基于真实事件”，“基于真实故事”，“受真实故事启发”等相关话语的话语功能，通过这些记录片言辞刻在小说电影中。可以得出结论，这些功能之一是通过所谓的“事实性”贴近性来从文本和意识形态批评中减去虚构的故事，从而形成话语透明性的模拟。通过“基于真实事实”和类似事实的公式，可以用特定的表示形式（即特定的修辞）来识别现实。这是通过双重运动产生的：一方面，假设纪录片是或应该是对它之前的现实的忠实反映，并且它作为一种话语，服从于那个假定的事前现实，并为之服务；另一方面，一旦假设了对纪录片叙事的坦率观点，则被认为是“基于实际事实”的虚构话语就认可了纪录片叙事的“真效应”（“事实真相”），即关于价值观的论述。是小说的特征。