ABSTRACT

Every cultural phenomenon is multifaceted and only with great difficulty can it fit into the framework of one general concept. The term ‘sport’ is such a broad concept, because the great wealth of meanings it has absorbed makes definition quite difficult. A list of only its main connections include: human play and pastime accompanied by physical activity, fair-play competition, and moral norms of honest behaviour in resolving conflicts. Attempts to suggest a definition of sport encounter several logical difficulties, the main one of which seems to me to be the binding of this category to physical activity as a basic and even exclusive property. In trying to comprehend sport, I attempt in this article to transfer the centre of gravity in reasoning from physical activity (a concept that I try to consider more accurately) to three other properties that are necessary and which taken together are sufficient for understanding sport as a category. These are: unproductiveness (as opposed to playing performances in arts), attachment to competitive game as a special form of human play, and the public and widely accepted official status and functioning of such game. Based on these considerations, I propose a new definition of sport.

摘要

任何一种文化现象都是多面的，要融入一个普遍概念的框架内，难度很大。“运动”一词是一个如此广泛的概念，因为它所吸收的大量含义使得定义变得相当困难。仅列出其主要联系包括：体育活动伴随的人类游戏和消遣、公平竞争以及解决冲突中诚实行为的道德规范。提出运动定义的尝试遇到了几个逻辑上的困难，在我看来，其中主要的一个是将该类别与作为基本甚至专有属性的体育活动结合起来。在试图理解运动的过程中，在本文中，我试图将推理中的重心从体育活动（我试图更准确地考虑的概念）转移到其他三个必要的属性，这些属性加在一起足以将运动理解为一个类别。它们是：非生产性（与艺术表演相反），对竞技游戏的依恋，作为一种特殊的人类游戏形式，以及这种游戏的公众和广泛接受的官方地位和运作。基于这些考虑，我提出了对运动的新定义。以及这种游戏的公众和广泛接受的官方地位和运作。基于这些考虑，我提出了对运动的新定义。以及这种游戏的公众和广泛接受的官方地位和运作。基于这些考虑，我提出了对运动的新定义。