ABSTRACT

In this article, the author examines the work of Boris Pasternak, primarily his novel Doctor Zhivago, in the context of his Marburg experience and Kantian ideas as the basis of his moral-aesthetic position. Pasternak tried to live and write over the barriers that a totalitarian era had erected in human life. His late novel managed to tell Russia and the rest of humanity about this tragic century in Russian history, using as the basis of his reflections a Russian intellectual who grew up on the pathos of a Christianity rethought in early twentieth-century Russia. What happened in Russia in 1917 was not only a social pogrom, but also an intellectual one. Pasternak’s novel was a unique attempt to cope with this intellectual catastrophe by relying on Christianity. The very name of the protagonist, Zhivago, has a rhyme in the Gospels. It was not by chance that Pasternak shared with the Christian thinker Fyodor Stepun that he had written about Doctor Zhivago while working on a translation of Goethe’s Faust, that great mystery-drama. He recounted Russia’s historical tragedy through the fate of a single man, a doctor and poet. Pasternak won the battle against the darkness that had engulfed his homeland, preserving a soul capable of grieving for loved ones despite restrictive barriers, for the starry heavens above and the moral law within made the core of his personhood.

摘要

在本文中，作者考察了鲍里斯·帕斯捷尔纳克（Boris Pasternak）的作品，主要是他的小说《日瓦戈医生》以他的马尔堡经验和康德思想为背景，以此作为他的道德美学立场的基础。帕斯捷尔纳克（Pasternak）试图生活和书写极权主义时代在人类生活中树立的障碍。他的已故小说成功地向俄罗斯和全人类讲述了俄国历史上的悲剧世纪，并以此作为他的反思基础，这位俄国知识分子在二十世纪初俄国人对基督教的沉思中成长。1917年的俄国不仅发生了社会大屠杀，而且是知识分子。帕斯捷尔纳克的小说是依靠基督教来应对这种思想灾难的独特尝试。主角日瓦戈（Zhivago）的名字在福音书中有押韵。浮士德，那伟大的神秘剧。他通过单身男人，医生和诗人的命运叙述了俄罗斯的历史悲剧。帕斯捷尔纳克赢得了与吞没他的家园的黑暗的斗争，保留了一个尽管有严格的障碍也能够为亲人悲伤的灵魂，因为上面繁星点点的天堂和内部的道德法则是他人格的核心。