This article provides a comprehensive framework to explain why Turkey has adopted a pro-active diaspora agenda since the early 2000s. It shows that Turkey’s diaspora policy is the result of an amalgamation of domestic, transnational, and international factors: Domestically, the AKP’s rise to power resulted in drastic economic and political reforms and the promotion of a new identity based on neo-Ottomanism and Sunni-Muslim nationalism. These developments have transformed Turkey’s state-diaspora relations. The 2013 Gezi Park protests and the 2016 failed coup attempt also played a role. Transnationally, Turkish expatriates’ growing socioeconomic and political clout in their host countries, as evidenced by the mushrooming of political parties founded by Turks in Europe, has urged Turkey to reconsider the efficacy of its diaspora as a source of influence abroad as well as a noteworthy electorate in national elections. Various international events have also shaped Turkey’s new diaspora agenda, including Turkey’s increasing bargaining power vis-à-vis the EU since the early 2000s, particularly after the European refugee crisis, and the rise of Islamophobia in the post-9/11 era. I suggest that domestic factors have played the most significant role in shaping Turkey’s diaspora agenda. I examine the domestic dimension both as an independent factor and also in relation to transnational and international factors. The configuration of a new political elite has changed the ways in which Turkey interacts with its transnational diaspora and perceives its international position vis-à-vis European countries. The findings of the article draw on official statements and documents, semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with Turkish officials, the Euro-Turks Barometer Survey, and news sources.

本文提供了一个全面的框架来解释为什么土耳其自 2000 年代初就采取了积极的侨民议程。它表明土耳其的侨民政策是国内、跨国和国际因素融合的结果：在国内，正义与发展党的崛起导致了剧烈的经济和政治改革，并促进了基于新奥斯曼主义和逊尼派的新身份。穆斯林民族主义。这些事态发展改变了土耳其的国家与侨民关系。2013 年的格子公园抗议活动和 2016 年失败的政变企图也发挥了作用。从跨国来看，土耳其侨民在东道国的社会经济和政治影响力日益增强，土耳其人在欧洲创立的政党如雨后春笋般涌现就是明证，敦促土耳其重新考虑其侨民作为海外影响力来源以及全国选举中值得注意的选民的效力。各种国际事件也塑造了土耳其的新侨民议程，包括自 2000 年代初以来，特别是在欧洲难民危机之后，土耳其与欧盟的议价能力不断增强，以及 9/11 后时代仇视伊斯兰教的兴起。我认为国内因素在塑造土耳其的侨民议程方面发挥了最重要的作用。我将国内维度作为一个独立的因素以及与跨国和国际因素的关系进行研究。新政治精英的结构改变了土耳其与其跨国侨民互动的方式，并改变了土耳其相对于欧洲国家的国际地位。