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Boy Mascots, Orphans and Heroes: The State, the Family and Cultural Heritage, 1914–1918
Cultural and Social History Pub Date : 2021-01-31 , DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2020.1857567
Ana Carden-Coyne 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

This essay seeks to look further at adolescents and younger children who were militarised, and to explore the contradictions and complicities of the State and the family through an examination of boys as mascots, orphans, and war heroes. It highlights the impact of contradictory policies on military age that sustained traditional positions for boys in the Armed Services, while incoherently policing underage voluntarism at that same time that official recruitment campaigns targeted youths. The paper emphasises the role of visual and material culture, which strengthened boys’ resolve to ‘pass as a man’. The family is positioned as playing an important role in being unable or unwilling to restrain the will of adolescents. It explores how military masculine heritage was communicated through the male line when families dressed up boys in miniature uniforms or enabled them to act as regimental mascots. As well, the paper considers how orphaned and stray children in Europe negotiated kinship-like relationships with Allied armies of ‘temporary fathers’. Complex attitudes to childhood and youth are identified in flexible attitudes to child victimhood versus the valorisation of boy heroes, assessing the issue of children killed or wounded in service to the State. The essay seeks to explain the impact of material and visual culture, rituals and photography, which evoked a range of emotional and social relationships to the military at a time of particular significance in the life of children and adolescent boys.



中文翻译:

男孩吉祥物,孤儿和英雄:国家,家庭和文化遗产,1914-1918年

摘要

本文试图进一步研究被征兵的青少年,并通过检查男孩作为吉祥物,孤儿和战争英雄来探讨国家和家庭的矛盾与共谋。它着重说明了矛盾的政策对军人年龄的影响,这些因素维持了男孩在武装部队中的传统地位,同时又不协调地监督未成年人的自愿行为,同时官方招募活动针对年轻人。该论文强调视觉和物质文化的作用,这增强了男孩对“作为男人通过”的决心。家庭被定位为在无法或不愿意束缚青少年意志方面起着重要作用。它探索了当家庭穿着微型制服的男孩打扮男孩或使他们能够充当团吉祥物时,如何通过男性来传达军事男性遗产。同样,本文还考虑了欧洲的孤儿和流浪儿童如何与“临时父亲”的盟军谈判类似血缘的关系。对儿童受害者的态度与对男孩英雄的重视相比,对儿童和青年的态度是复杂的,可以评估在为国家服务时被杀或受伤的儿童的问题。这篇文章试图解释物质和视觉文化,礼节和摄影的影响,在儿童和青春期男孩的生活中特别重要的时刻,这种影响引起了与军方的各种情感和社会关系。本文考虑了欧洲的孤儿和流浪儿童如何与“临时父亲”的盟军谈判建立类似亲属关系的关系。对儿童受害者的态度与对男孩英雄的重视相比,对儿童和青年的态度是复杂的,可以评估在为国家服务时被杀或受伤的儿童的问题。这篇文章试图解释物质和视觉文化,礼节和摄影的影响,在儿童和青春期男孩的生活中特别重要的时刻,这种影响引起了与军方的各种情感和社会关系。该论文考虑了欧洲的孤儿和流浪儿童如何与“临时父亲”的盟军谈判建立类似血缘关系的关系。对儿童受害者的态度与对男孩英雄的重视相比,对儿童和青年的态度是复杂的,可以评估在为国家服务时被杀或受伤的儿童的问题。这篇文章试图解释物质和视觉文化,礼节和摄影的影响,在儿童和青春期男孩的生活中特别重要的时刻,这种影响引起了与军方的各种情感和社会关系。对儿童受害者的态度与对男孩英雄的重视相比,对儿童和青年的态度是复杂的,可以评估在为国家服务时被杀或受伤的儿童的问题。这篇文章试图解释物质和视觉文化,礼节和摄影的影响,在儿童和青春期男孩的生活中特别重要的时刻,这种影响引起了与军方的各种情感和社会关系。对儿童受害者的态度与对男孩英雄的重视相比,对儿童和青年的态度是复杂的,可以评估在为国家服务时被杀或受伤的儿童的问题。这篇文章试图解释物质和视觉文化,礼节和摄影的影响,在儿童和青春期男孩的生活中特别重要的时刻,这种影响引起了与军方的各种情感和社会关系。

更新日期:2021-03-26
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