ABSTRACT Modern Spanish has twelve verbs that are considered synchronically irregular in the future indicative (and conditional) because they exhibit roots that are not comprised of the full form of the infinite (plus the verbal ending), but rather, syncopated forms such as habrá (of haber), sabr á (of saber), and other syncopated forms with modification of their resultant consonant sequences such as vendrá (of venir), pondrá (of poner), etc. In Old Spanish, virtually any second or third conjugation verb could undergo syncope and subsequent consonantal modification (if necessary), but only twelve remain. Conventional wisdom has held that only the most frequent of the Old Spanish irregular verbs have continued into Modern Spanish. However, when one considers the frequency of some of the twelve irregular future (and conditional) verbs of Modern Spanish, it becomes clear that high frequency of occurrence cannot be the only factor that has preserved all twelve of these verbs. The present study reveals a morphological factor that can account for the retention of the lowest frequency verbs of the twelve.

中文翻译：

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西班牙语不规则未来（和有条件的）历史中的一个形态因素

摘要 现代西班牙语有 12 个动词，它们在将来指示性（和条件）中被认为是共时不规则的，因为它们的词根不是由无限的完整形式（加上动词结尾）组成，而是由切分形式组成，例如 habrá ( of haber)、sabr á (of saber) 和其他切分音形式，并修改了它们的合成辅音序列，例如 vendrá (of venus)、pondrá (of poner) 等。在古西班牙语中，几乎任何第二个或第三个共轭动词都可能发生晕厥和随后的辅音修饰（如有必要），但只剩下 12 个。传统观点认为，只有最常见的古西班牙语不规则动词才延续到现代西班牙语。然而，当我们考虑现代西班牙语的十二个不规则将来（和条件）动词中的一些的频率时，很明显，高出现频率并不是保留所有十二个这些动词的唯一因素。本研究揭示了一个形态因素，可以解释十二个最低频率动词的保留。