ABSTRACT From a linguistic perspective, punctuation relates to grammar and semantics as well as to pragmatics and stylistics. In this paper, I will focus on some grammatical aspects of punctuation in contemporary Swedish, or rather: how awareness of punctuation is necessary for understanding the structure of written texts; but also, how the understanding of punctuation requires an awareness of the partly specific conditions of written language. Punctuation defines entities and hierarchies that may or may not correspond to abstract linguistic categories like phrases and clauses. The graphic word and the graphic sentence, for example, are structural units that in actual written texts follow conventions independent from abstract grammar, as they are defined respectively by word-spacing and initial capital plus final period, exclamation mark or question mark. This makes possible an interesting interplay between grammatical and graphic units. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of the punctuation in three contemporary Swedish novels.

中文翻译：

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书面文本的图形和语法结构

摘要 从语言学的角度来看，标点符号与语法和语义以及语用和文体有关。在本文中，我将重点关注当代瑞典语中标点符号的一些语法方面，或者更确切地说：标点符号意识对于理解书面文本的结构是多么必要；而且，标点符号的理解如何需要了解书面语言的部分特定条件。标点符号定义了实体和层次结构，它们可能与抽象语言类别（如短语和从句）相对应，也可能不对应。例如，图形词和图形句子是实际书面文本中遵循独立于抽象语法的约定的结构单元，因为它们分别由字距和首字母大写加末句号来定义，感叹号或问号。这使得语法和图形单位之间有趣的相互作用成为可能。该研究基于对三部当代瑞典小说中标点符号的定性分析。