With the exception of Western boxing, martial arts and combat sports (MACS) have not featured very often on the pages of Sport in History. At the same time MACS from Shōtōkan karate to Brazilian jiu-jitsu to mixed martial arts (MMA) are very popular movement cultures, with every minor town in the UK and elsewhere in the West spotting at least a couple of MACS gyms, dojos or other training venues for these fighting arts. With some of their protagonists like Conor McGregor, Anthony Joshua and Tyson Fury having turned into celebrities, MMA, especially via the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) format, and heavyweight boxing regularly draw huge pay-per-view television audiences in the UK and abroad. More recently, MACS have also attracted significant scholarly interest from historians, cultural studies experts, sociologists, sports science scholars and other academics in the UK. Paul Bowman of Cardiff University has been a pioneer in popularising the research of the Martial Arts Scholars network through the peer-reviewed Martial Arts Studies journal as well as an ongoing series of very insightful Podcast and YouTube interviews with its members. More recent scholarly developments on the European continent include the publication of the Journal of Martial Arts Research (JOMAR) of the Martial Arts and Combat Sports commission of the German Society of Sports Science. Because humans have bodies, body movement cultures, including MACS, have been a constant of cultures and civilisations throughout history. They are universal practices that cut across boundaries of geography and time. However, despite their ubiquity and universality, MACS have taken very diverse forms in different historical and national contexts. The examples covered in this special issue are Western and French boxing (Savate), Japanese judo and Bushido martial arts, Thai Muay Thai and MMA. But there are of course many more MACS, from ancient arts like Indian Kalari to modern inventions like Israeli Krav Maga, all of which have served myriad functions in their cultures and societies of origin and diffusion.

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武术和格斗运动中的男子气概——一个跨学科的问题

除了西方拳击，武术和格斗运动 (MACS) 在历史上的体育页面上并不经常出现。与此同时，从松涛馆空手道到巴西柔术再到综合格斗 (MMA) 的 MACS 都是非常流行的运动文化，英国和西方其他地方的每个小城镇都至少有几个 MACS 健身房、道场或其他这些格斗术的训练场地。随着康纳·麦格雷戈、安东尼·约书亚和泰森·弗瑞等一些主角成为名人，综合格斗，尤其是通过终极格斗锦标赛 (UFC) 形式，重量级拳击定期在英国和国外吸引大量按次付费电视观众. 最近，MACS 还吸引了历史学家、文化研究专家、社会学家、英国的体育科学学者和其他学者。卡迪夫大学的保罗鲍曼一直是通过同行评审的武术研究期刊以及一系列非常有见地的播客和 YouTube 对其成员的采访来普及武术学者网络研究的先驱。欧洲大陆最近的学术发展包括德国体育科学学会武术和格斗运动委员会的《武术研究杂志》(JOMAR) 的出版。因为人类有身体，身体运动文化，包括 MACS，在历史上一直是文化和文明的常数。它们是跨越地理和时间界限的普遍做法。然而，尽管它们无处不在和普遍性，MACS 在不同的历史和国家背景下采取了非常多样化的形式。本期特刊中涵盖的示例包括西方和法国拳击 (Savate)、日本柔道和武士道武术、泰拳和 MMA。但当然还有更多的 MACS，从印度卡拉里这样的古老艺术到以色列 Krav Maga 等现代发明，所有这些都在他们的文化和社会起源和传播中发挥了无数功能。