ABSTRACT

This paper explores a redescription of ‘fair play’ as loyalty. Focusing on the context of elite sport and the case of anti-doping, the paper develops an adaptation of Richard Rorty’s call to dispense with the opposition between loyalty and justice. The gist of the loyalty redescription of fair play is twofold. First, the redescription aligns with a conception of moral athlete identity as starting with thick narratives of closely-knit small groups (e.g. teams) and expanding outwards to embrace the thinner narratives and abstract principles of larger groups (e.g. ‘the Olympic movement’). Thus, moral progress occurs when an athlete’s loyalty towards her team is balanced by her loyalty to competitors or to the sport as a whole, to the extent that she plays fair even when she knows that ‘foul play’ will benefit the team. Second, the redescription places the burden on the shoulders of larger sporting communities, such as the ‘Olympic movement’, of recreating themselves as inviting and attracting more and more athletes’ loyalty. The latter point has implications for anti-doping policy and rhetoric that I discuss towards the end of the paper. In brief, I argue that the loyalty redescription of fair play substantiates a philosophical critique of surveillance-based policies such as the whereabouts system and the wider individualization of responsibility shaping current policy and rhetoric.

摘要

本文探讨了将“公平竞争”重新定义为忠诚度的问题。本文着眼于精英体育和反兴奋剂的情况，对理查德·罗蒂（Richard Rorty）呼吁免除忠诚与正义之间对立的呼吁进行了改编。公平竞争的忠诚度重新定义的要旨是双重的。首先，重新定义与道德运动员身份的观念相吻合，首先是由紧密联系的小团体（例如，团队）的较厚叙事开始，然后向外扩展以包含较薄的叙事和较大的团体的抽象原则（例如，“奥林匹克运动”）。因此，当运动员对团队的忠诚度与对竞争对手或整个运动的忠诚度达到平衡时，道德进步就发生了，即使她知道“不道德行为”将使团队受益，也可以达到公平的程度。第二，重新命名将负担重塑在大型运动社区（如“奥林匹克运动”）上，使他们重新创建自己，以吸引并吸引越来越多的运动员忠诚度。后一点对我在本文末尾讨论的反兴奋剂政策和言论有影响。简而言之，我认为对公平竞争的忠诚度重新定义了对基于监视的政策的哲学批判，例如行踪制度以及塑造当前政策和言论的更广泛的责任个体化。