ABSTRACT

Ensuring fairness is a capital issue in any sporting competition. However, fairness is a complex concept. We seek here to offer an analysis of the construction and upholding of fairness within competitions in which disabled people make use of assistive technology in order to perform. In this view, we look into two cases which question, in different manners, the issues surrounding the use of technology and sporting fairness: the cases of Oscar Pistorius and of the Cybathlon. On the one hand, in the Pistorius case, the sporting institution seeks to regulate the use of technology through a scientific measure of the advantage it may grant the athlete. The difficulty of determining this advantage, and of classifying Pistorius’ performance, promoted the production of an enhanced human imagery. On the other hand, with the Cybathlon, a competition including highly technologised athletes, the promoters try on the contrary to highlight the advantages that technology can procure. The aim in that case will be for the organisers to set in place a system of rules that mirror those of sporting fairness, in spite of the central position given to technological performance. The purpose of this essay will be to understand how this sporting fairness is constructed and negotiated within two specific cases portraying the sporting practices of disabled people.

摘要

确保公平是任何体育比赛的资本问题。然而，公平是一个复杂的概念。我们在此寻求对残疾人利用辅助技术进行比赛的公平性的构建和维护进行分析。在这种观点下，我们研究了两个以不同方式质疑技术使用和体育公平性问题的案例：Oscar Pistorius 和 Cybathlon 的案例。一方面，在 Pistorius 案中，体育机构试图通过科学衡量技术可能赋予运动员的优势来规范技术的使用。确定这一优势以及对皮斯托瑞斯的表现进行分类的困难促进了增强人类形象的产生。另一方面，通过 Cybathlon，一项包括高技术运动员的比赛，发起人试图相反地强调技术可以带来的优势。在这种情况下，组织者的目标是制定一套反映体育公平性的规则体系，尽管技术性能处于核心地位。本文的目的是了解如何在描绘残疾人体育实践的两个具体案例中构建和协商这种体育公平。