ABSTRACT This research note describes the growth of the slave population in the United States and develops several new measures of its size and growth, including an estimate of the total number of slaves who ever lived in the United States. Estimates of the number of births and slave imports are provided in ten-year increments between 1619 and 1860 and in one-year increments between 1861 and 1865. The results highlight the importance of natural increase to the rapid growth of the U.S. slave population and indicate that approximately 10 million slaves lived in the United States, where they contributed 410 billion hours of labor. A concluding discussion highlights a few descriptive statistics historians might find useful, including the cumulative number of slaves who lived in the United States by decade and the proportion of slaves who were living at various moments in U.S. history, including shortly after the ratification of the Constitution in 1788 and at the start of the American Civil War in 1861.

中文翻译：

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从 20 年开始。和奇怪的'到 1000 万：美国奴隶人口的增长

摘要 本研究报告描述了美国奴隶人口的增长情况，并制定了几个衡量其规模和增长的新指标，包括对曾经生活在美国的奴隶总数的估计。在 1619 年至 1860 年间以十年为增量提供了对出生人数和奴隶进口的估计，在 1861 至 1865 年间以一年为增量提供了估计。结果突出了自然增长对美国奴隶人口快速增长的重要性，并表明大约 1000 万奴隶生活在美国，他们贡献了 4100 亿小时的劳动。最后的讨论强调了一些历史学家可能会发现有用的描述性统计数据，