Assessment of those with whom one finds oneself in dispute is indispensable in the epistemology of disagreement. The assessment of one’s opponents is necessary in order to determine whether a particular disagreement constitutes evidence of a likely error in one’s own understanding. However, assessment of an opponent’s capacity to know the matter in dispute is only possible when the conditions for knowledge are not themselves open to debate. Consequently, epistemic significance can only be recognised in disagreements among those who are in tacit or explicit agreement about what constitutes justification in a given case. The result is that the epistemic significance that disagreement possesses is always strictly conditional upon prior assumptions. The difference between a peer disagreement and a non-peer disagreement cannot indicate whether one is or is not more likely to be right than one’s opponent in an absolute sense, only whether one is or is not more likely to be right given the presupposed conditions.

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确定分歧不是“同行分歧”是什么意思？

在分歧的认识论中，对与自己有争议的人进行评估是必不可少的。为了确定一个特定的分歧是否构成一个根据自己的理解可能出错的证据，必须对一个对手进行评估。但是，只有在知识条件本身不容争议的情况下，才有可能评估对手了解争端的能力。因此，只有在对特定案例中的正当理由构成默契或明确同意的人之间存在分歧时，才能认识到认识的重要性。结果是，分歧所具有的认识论意义始终严格地取决于先前的假设。