ABSTRACT Acknowledging the scarcity of a bottom up social work practice model in facilitating the development of success in workforce development programs, this study explores Psychological self-sufficiency (PSS) as an emerging social work practice theory. Phenomenological studies of low-income jobseekers in employment training along with the empirical validation of measures of the core constructs of PSS – employment hope scale (EHS) and perceived employment barrier scale (PEBS) – and testing of the theoretical model resulted in the emergence of a new theory of PSS. PSS was conceptually defined as a dynamic and internal drive that activates the process of transforming cognitively and affectively perceived barriers into hope driven action – the process that enables individuals to move forward toward goals. Based on the evidence of PSS, a participant-centered group intervention model called transforming impossible into possible (TIP) program was developed. This article delineates the trajectory of PSS theory development by critically reviewing various streams of practice theories influencing the PSS theory. Next, the conditions that necessitated the creation of the TIP program and its core principles underlying the functions of PSS are explained. By depicting the TIP program with direct quotes of clients’ experiences, authors exemplify the successful self-discovery process through enhanced PSS skills as a result of participating in the TIP program.

中文翻译：

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促进劳动力培训转型：利用临床理论理解心理自给自足

摘要 本研究承认自下而上的社会工作实践模式在促进劳动力发展项目取得成功方面的稀缺性，因此探索了心理自给自足 (PSS) 作为一种新兴的社会工作实践理论。就业培训中低收入求职者的现象学研究，以及对 PSS 核心构念的实证验证——就业希望量表 (EHS) 和感知就业障碍量表 (PEBS)——以及对理论模型的测试，导致出现了一种新的 PSS 理论。PSS 在概念上被定义为一种动态的内部驱动力，它激活将认知和情感上的感知障碍转化为希望驱动的行动的过程——这个过程使个人能够朝着目标前进。根据 PSS 的证据，开发了一个以参与者为中心的小组干预模型，称为将不可能变为可能 (TIP) 计划。本文通过批判性回顾影响 PSS 理论的各种实践理论流，描绘了 PSS 理论发展的轨迹。接下来，解释了创建 TIP 程序的必要条件及其作为 PSS 功能基础的核心原则。通过直接引用客户的经历来描述 TIP 计划，作者通过参与 TIP 计划而增强的 PSS 技能来举例说明成功的自我发现过程。本文通过批判性回顾影响 PSS 理论的各种实践理论流，描绘了 PSS 理论发展的轨迹。接下来，解释了创建 TIP 程序的必要条件及其作为 PSS 功能基础的核心原则。通过直接引用客户的经历来描述 TIP 计划，作者通过参与 TIP 计划而增强的 PSS 技能来举例说明成功的自我发现过程。本文通过批判性回顾影响 PSS 理论的各种实践理论流，描绘了 PSS 理论发展的轨迹。接下来，解释了创建 TIP 程序的必要条件及其作为 PSS 功能基础的核心原则。通过直接引用客户的经历来描述 TIP 计划，作者通过参与 TIP 计划而增强的 PSS 技能来举例说明成功的自我发现过程。