ABSTRACT There is now considerable evidence to suggest that historical events have had long-term impacts on economic outcomes in Africa. What is less widely studied is the potential for mitigating such impacts. We surveyed 400 pineapple farmers in Ghana and find that both the historical dependency on different crops and the impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade predict income differences in 2013. However, not all farmers are affected equally by history. Using instrumental variables to identify causal effects, we find that human and social capital are pivotal for overcoming historically inherited constraints.

中文翻译：

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在加纳农村地区前进：对社会和人力资本的投资减轻了历史限制

摘要现在有大量证据表明历史事件对非洲的经济成果产生了长期影响。研究较少的是减轻这种影响的潜力。我们对加纳的400位菠萝农民进行了调查，发现历史上对不同作物的依赖以及跨大西洋奴隶贸易的影响都预测了2013年的收入差异。但是，并非所有农民都受到历史的平等影响。使用工具变量来确定因果关系，我们发现人力资本和社会资本对于克服历史继承的约束至关重要。