ABSTRACT A large share of Russian/Soviet Jews, especially among younger cohorts, are descendants of intermarriage. In this essay, I reflect on the implications of the built-in ambivalence of these mixed ethnics, comparing their identity qualms and social strategies in their native Russia and after migration to Israel. My analysis draws upon participant observation and interviews conducted in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and across Israel over the last 20 years. My theoretical anchors are recent discussions on the evolving nature of Jewish identity, formed at the intersection of religion, ethnicity, and culture, in the context of ongoing intermarriage and assimilation. The comparison between the (ex-)Soviet and Israeli context underscores the role of local social constructions of ethno-religious belonging, nationalism, and citizenship as synergistic forces in shaping social locations of mixed ethnics. It also sheds light on the tactics of adjustment and “passing” among individuals with ambivalent ethnic identities who experience rapid social transformation or migration.

中文翻译：

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选择一个或两者兼而有之：生活在俄罗斯和以色列的俄罗斯-犹太混血民族的身份困境

摘要 很大一部分俄罗斯/苏联犹太人，特别是在年轻的群体中，是通婚的后裔。在这篇文章中，我反思了这些混合种族内在矛盾心理的影响，比较了他们在俄罗斯本土和移民到以色列后的身份疑虑和社会策略。我的分析借鉴了过去 20 年来在莫斯科、圣彼得堡和以色列各地进行的参与者观察和访谈。我的理论基础是最近关于在宗教、种族和文化的交汇处形成的、在持续通婚和同化的背景下形成的犹太人身份不断演变的性质的讨论。（前）苏联和以色列背景之间的比较强调了民族宗教归属、民族主义、和公民身份作为塑造混合种族社会地位的协同力量。它还阐明了经历快速社会转型或迁移的具有矛盾民族身份的个体之间的调整和“传递”策略。