ABSTRACT

The article explores one of the most under-researched aspects surrounding populism, namely the political logics followed by governing populisms, and more specifically, the transitions of populisms from ‘protest to power’. It does so from a theoretical perspective rooted in the work of Ernesto Laclau. This implies conceiving the relationships between populism and state institutions as governed by distinct types of discursive logics: as different ways in which socio-political spaces are organized and political identities enacted. The article theorizes the conflictive relationship between populism and institutionalism as expressed in four main tensions that face a governing populism: between autonomy and hegemony, between being ‘people’ and being the State, between being government and being street opposition, and between the democratic and the liberal principles. By focusing on this relationship, the article seeks to illuminate not only theoretical issues but also an empirical case that we consider particularly relevant: the recent push for secession in Catalonia (Spain). The article contends that the Catalan separatism constitutes a paradigmatic case of a populist social movement that has not only reached institutional power, but which has also remained populist once in power; a condition which implies using acquired institutional power with the aim of institutional subversion.

摘要

本文探讨了围绕民粹主义进行研究最多的方面之一，即政治逻辑之后是执政民粹主义，更具体地说是民粹主义从“抗议到权力”的过渡。它从植根于埃内斯托·拉克劳（Ernesto Laclau）的理论观点出发。这意味着要理解民粹主义与国家机构之间的关系，这种关系受不同类型的话语逻辑支配：作为社会政治空间的组织方式和政治身份的确立的不同方式。文章对民粹主义与制度主义之间的冲突关系进行了理论化处理，这种矛盾关系体现在统治民粹主义面临的四个主要紧张关系中：自治与霸权之间，“人民”与国家之间，政府与街头反对派之间，在民主与自由原则之间。通过关注这种关系，本文不仅试图阐明理论问题，而且试图阐明一个我们认为特别相关的经验案例：最近在加泰罗尼亚（西班牙）推行分裂的努力。文章认为，加泰罗尼亚分离主义是民粹主义社会运动的典范案例，该运动不仅达到了制度上的权力，而且一旦执政后仍然保持着民粹主义的地位。这意味着要以颠覆制度为目的而使用获得的制度权力。文章认为，加泰罗尼亚分离主义是民粹主义社会运动的典范案例，该运动不仅达到了机构权力，而且一旦执政后仍然保持着民粹主义地位。这意味着要以颠覆制度为目的而使用获得的制度权力。文章认为，加泰罗尼亚分离主义是民粹主义社会运动的典范案例，该运动不仅达到了机构权力，而且一旦执政后仍然保持着民粹主义地位。这意味着要以颠覆制度为目的而使用获得的制度权力。