ABSTRACT In the Norwegian-Swedish Union, Norway had home rule; the Swedish foreign minister conducted its foreign relations. This fact created the impression that Norway ‘played second fiddle’ in forging its relations with foreign Powers. This analysis contends that the organisation of the apparatus for policy-making secured Norwegian influence and interests in the Union’s foreign politics. It uses ‘concertmaster’ as an alternative metaphor to sum up the role of the Norwegian government in the king’s Norwegian foreign politics during the Union period. Whilst the king of Norway and Sweden’s authority dwindled as politicians in both countries limited royal powers and strengthened those of the Parliaments, the impression of Norway as the foreign political loser increased. In the context of growing European nationalism in the 1890s, the impression of Norway playing second fiddle shored up the radical opposition against the unpopular Union and led to its dissolution in 1905.

中文翻译：

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挪威与瑞典联合期间的外交政治，1814-1905：重新考虑

摘要 在挪威-瑞典联盟中，挪威实行地方自治；瑞典外交部长主持了对外关系。这一事实给人的印象是，挪威在与外国建立关系方面“扮演了次要角色”。该分析认为，决策机构的组织确保了挪威在欧盟外交政治中的影响力和利益。它使用“音乐会指挥”作为替代比喻来概括挪威政府在联盟时期挪威国王对外政治中的作用。虽然挪威国王和瑞典的权力随着两国政治家限制王室权力和加强议会权力而减弱，但挪威作为外国政治失败者的印象却增加了。在 1890 年代欧洲民族主义日益增长的背景下，