ABSTRACT This paper considers the influence of 3D printers on the temporality and subjectivity of making by looking at current 3D printing processes through the concept of ‘duration’ that was theorized by the philosopher Henri Bergson. The discussion is contextualized within technological developments at the turn of the twentieth century—specifically, European railways—that changed our perception of time. The foundational ideas of duration are introduced as a response to these developments. The contemporary technological concept of ‘real-time computing’ is presented to contrast with duration and set up an in-depth explanation of the delays inherent to the 3D printing process. These delays are discussed within the discourse of 3D printing and technological innovation, in general. Current maker-3D printer interactions are then critiqued. Finally, an alternative method of 3D printing concrete that is founded on working with its inherent delays is introduced, along with its implications for digital making and the act of making time.

中文翻译：

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时间和自由式打桩：3D打印的主观方法

摘要本文通过哲学家亨利·伯格森（Henri Bergson）提出的“持续时间”概念来研究当前的3D打印过程，从而考虑了3D打印机对制作的时间性和主观性的影响。在20世纪初的技术发展（特别是欧洲铁路）中，这种讨论是与背景相关的，它改变了我们对时间的认识。持续时间的基本思想是对这些发展的回应。提出了“实时计算”的当代技术概念以与持续时间形成对比，并深入解释了3D打印过程固有的延迟。通常，将在3D打印和技术创新的讨论中讨论这些延迟。然后对当前的maker-3D打印机交互进行了评论。最后，