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Holocene vegetation and climate history in Baikal Siberia reconstructed from pollen records and its implications for archaeology
Archaeological Research in Asia Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2020.100209
Franziska Kobe , Elena V. Bezrukova , Christian Leipe , Alexander A. Shchetnikov , Tomasz Goslar , Mayke Wagner , Svetlana S. Kostrova , Pavel E. Tarasov

Abstract Past research has greatly improved our understanding of palaeoenvironmental changes in the Lake Baikal Region, but at the same time has indicated intra-regional variations in this vast study area. Here we present a new AMS-dated late glacial–middle Holocene (ca. 13,500–4000 cal. yr BP) pollen record from Lake Ochaul (54°14′N, 106°28′E; altitude 641 m a.s.l.) situated in the less-studied area of Cis-Baikal and compare reconstructed vegetation and climate dynamics with the published environmental history of Trans-Baikal based on the pollen record from Lake Kotokel (52°47′N, 108°07′E; altitude 458 m a.s.l.). Although both records show comparable major long-term trends in vegetation, there are considerable differences. Around Ochaul the landscape was relatively open during the Younger Dryas stadial, but forest vegetation started to spread at the late glacial/Holocene transition (ca. 11,650 cal. yr BP), thus ca. 1000 years earlier than around Kotokel. While in both regions taiga forests spread during the early and middle Holocene, the marked increase in Scots pine pollen in the Kotokel record after ca. 6800 cal. yr BP is not seen in that from Ochaul, where birch and coniferous taxa, such as Siberian pine, larch, spruce and fir, dominate, indicating different environmental conditions and driving forces in both study regions. However, the pollen data from Ochaul emphasizes that the Cis-Baikal area also saw a continuous increase in forest cover and in the proportion of conifers over birch trees and shrubs during the early–middle Holocene, which may have contributed to a decrease in the number of large herbivores, the main food resource of the Early Neolithic hunter-gatherer groups. This and rather abrupt reorganization of atmospheric circulation, which affected atmospheric precipitation distribution resulting in thicker and longer-lasting snow cover, may have led to a collapse of Early Neolithic Kitoi populations ca. 6660 cal. yr BP followed by a cultural “hiatus” in the archaeological records during the Middle Neolithic phase (ca. 6660–6060 cal. yr BP). The results stress the importance of sub-regional palaeoenvironmental studies and the need for a representative network of well-dated, high-resolution sediment archives for a better understanding of environmental changes and their potential impacts on the hunter-gatherer populations in the archaeologically-defined micro-regions.

中文翻译:

花粉记录重建的贝加尔湖西伯利亚全新世植被和气候史及其对考古学的启示

摘要过去的研究极大地增进了我们对贝加尔湖地区古环境变化的理解,但同时也表明了这一广阔研究区域的区域内变化。在这里,我们展示了新的AMS日期的晚冰河-全新世(约13,500–4000 cal。yr BP)花粉记录,来自奥豪尔湖(54°14′N,106°28′E;海拔641 m asl),位于研究较少的Cis-Baikal区域,并根据科托克尔湖(52°47′N,108°07′E;海拔458 m asl)的花粉记录,将重建的植被和气候动态与已发表的Trans-Baikal环境历史进行比较。尽管两个记录都显示出可比的主要长期植被趋势,但仍存在相当大的差异。在奥考尔(Ochaul)周围,年轻的德里亚斯(Newer Dryas)体育场期间景观相对开放,但是森林植被在冰期/全新世过渡(大约BP约11,650 cal BP)后期开始扩散,因此大约在2000年。比科托克尔早1000年。虽然这两个地区的针叶林都在全新世早期和中期蔓延,但大约在大约10年后,科托克尔记录中的苏格兰松花粉却显着增加。6800卡路里 在奥考尔(Ochaul)中没有发现BP,那里的桦木和针叶类群,例如西伯利亚松树,落叶松,云杉和冷杉占主导地位,表明这两个研究区域的环境条件和驱动力不同。但是,奥考尔(Ochaul)的花粉数据强调,在早中新世期间,顺贝加尔(Cis-Baikal)地区的森林覆盖率以及针叶树在桦树和灌木上的比例也不断增加,这可能导致数量减少大型草食动物 是新石器时代早期猎人-采集者群体的主要食物资源。这种大气循环的突然重组,影响了大气中的降水分布,导致了更厚更持久的积雪,可能导致了新石器时代早期的基托伊族种群的崩溃。6660卡路里 yr BP,其后是新石器时代中期(约6660-6060 cal yr BP)在考古记录中的文化“裂变”。结果强调了进行次区域古环境研究的重要性,以及建立一个具有代表性的,日期明确的高分辨率沉积物档案网的必要性,以便更好地了解环境变化及其对考古界定的猎人-采集者种群的潜在影响。微观区域。这种大气循环的突然重组,影响了大气中的降水分布,导致了更厚更持久的积雪,可能导致了新石器时代早期的基托伊族种群的崩溃。6660卡路里 yr BP,其后是新石器时代中期(约6660-6060 cal yr BP)在考古记录中的文化“裂变”。结果强调了进行次区域古环境研究的重要性,以及建立一个具有代表性的,日期明确的高分辨率沉积物档案网的必要性,以便更好地了解环境变化及其对考古界定的猎人-采集者种群的潜在影响。微观区域。这种大气循环的突然重组,影响了大气中的降水分布,导致了更厚更持久的积雪,可能导致了新石器时代早期的基托伊族种群的崩溃。6660卡路里 yr BP,其后是新石器时代中期(约660 660 cal 60 yr BP)在考古记录中的文化“裂变”。结果强调了进行次区域古环境研究的重要性,以及建立一个具有代表性的,日期明确的高分辨率沉积物档案网的必要性,以便更好地了解环境变化及其对考古界定的猎人-采集者种群的潜在影响。微观区域。可能导致了新石器时代早期Kitoi种群的崩溃。6660卡路里 yr BP,其后是新石器时代中期(约6660-6060 cal yr BP)在考古记录中的文化“裂变”。结果强调了进行次区域古环境研究的重要性,以及建立一个具有代表性的,日期明确的高分辨率沉积物档案网的必要性,以便更好地了解环境变化及其对考古界定的猎人-采集者种群的潜在影响。微观区域。可能导致了新石器时代早期Kitoi种群的崩溃。6660卡路里 yr BP,其后是新石器时代中期(约6660-6060 cal yr BP)在考古记录中的文化“裂变”。结果强调了进行次区域古环境研究的重要性,以及建立一个具有代表性的,日期明确的高分辨率沉积物档案网的必要性,以便更好地了解环境变化及其对考古界定的猎人-采集者种群的潜在影响。微观区域。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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