ABSTRACT The concept of territorial peace is at the core of the peace agreement signed by the Colombian government and FARC guerrilla movement in 2016. Recognising the uneven distribution and experiences of violence across Colombia, territorial peace seeks to achieve peace and reconciliation through more inclusive citizenship and new forms of territorial development, including bottom up aspirations. Figuring prominently in official policies, the concept of territorial peace is being put to the test of implementation across regions and economic sectors. Building on studies of ‘extractive territories’ emphasising the emergence of territorial subjects and governable spaces of mineral extraction, we examine the case of gold mining, which saw a massive boom and numerous conflicts taking place around the time of peace negotiations and post-agreement transition. Whereas territorial peace called for a bottom-up and participatory approach resting on local communities and artisanal mining livelihoods, we find that the state turned to a top-down governance strategy mobilising alienating forms of formalisation, criminalisation and industrialisation. By exacerbating community marginalisation, social tensions, human rights abuses, and inequalities, we suggest that this strategy not only undermined some of the principles of a territorial peace, but risked perpetuating poverty, environmental degradation and various forms of violence.

中文翻译：

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哥伦比亚的领土和平与金矿开采：地方和平建设，自下而上的发展与领土保护

摘要领土和平的概念是哥伦比亚政府和哥伦比亚革命武装力量游击运动于2016年签署的和平协议的核心。领土和平认识到哥伦比亚各地暴力的分布不均和暴力经历，因此寻求通过更具包容性的公民权和实现和平与和解。新的领土发展形式，包括自下而上的愿望。在官方政策中占主导地位的是，领土和平的概念正在经受区域和经济部门执行的考验。在“提取领土”研究的基础上，强调了领土主体的出现和矿产开采的可控空间，我们研究了金矿开采，在和平谈判和协定后过渡时期，发生了巨大的繁荣，并发生了许多冲突。领地和平要求以自下而上和参与式的方法为基础，以当地社区和手工采矿生计为基础，但我们发现国家转向了自上而下的治理策略，动员了疏远形式的形式化，犯罪化和工业化。通过加剧社区边缘化，社会紧张局势，侵犯人权和不平等现象，我们建议，该战略不仅破坏了领土和平的某些原则，而且有使贫困，环境恶化和各种形式的暴力永久化的危险。我们发现，国家转向了自上而下的治理策略，动员了疏远形式的形式化，犯罪化和工业化。通过加剧社区边缘化，社会紧张局势，侵犯人权和不平等现象，我们建议，该战略不仅破坏了领土和平的某些原则，而且有使贫困，环境恶化和各种形式的暴力永久化的危险。我们发现，国家转向了自上而下的治理策略，动员了疏远形式的形式化，犯罪化和工业化。通过加剧社区边缘化，社会紧张局势，侵犯人权和不平等现象，我们建议，该战略不仅破坏了领土和平的某些原则，而且有使贫困，环境恶化和各种形式的暴力永久化的危险。