ABSTRACT

Punjabi hawkers provided an essential service to rural communities and isolated farms in south-eastern Australia during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Living a marginalised existence, they were perceived as unwelcome competition and often vilified, ethnically different, the cultural and spiritual requirements of many Punjabi were alien concepts to the host communities. Even more so were cases of religious penance, which in extreme cases could result in death by starvation. This paper describes the unique circumstances surrounding the death of Gujjar Singh at Temora in 1902 and projects them onto the spiritual and cultural background of the Punjabi community.

摘要

在19世纪末和20世纪初，旁遮普小贩为澳大利亚东南部的农村社区和偏远农场提供了基本服务。他们生活在边缘化的边缘，被认为是不受欢迎的竞争，经常受到侮辱，种族不同，许多旁遮普人的文化和精神要求对东道国社区来说是陌生的概念。宗教pen悔的情况更是如此，在极端情况下，这可能导致饥饿而死亡。本文描述了1902年古杰尔·辛格（Gijjar Singh）在特莫拉（Temora）逝世的特殊情况，并将其投射到旁遮普社区的精神和文化背景中。