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Phosphate Rocks and Nuclear Proliferation
Science & Global Security Pub Date : 2017-09-02 , DOI: 10.1080/08929882.2017.1394061
Nils Haneklaus 1 , Anastasiya Bayok 2 , Vitaly Fedchenko 3
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Phosphate rocks are predominantly mined for fertilizer production. However, they also contain considerable amounts of accompanying natural uranium that can exceed concentrations found at commercial uranium mines. Extracting uranium from phosphate rocks during fertilizer production is a technically mature process; it was used on an industrial scale in the United States and elsewhere before decreasing uranium prices made this practice unprofitable in the 1990s. Soon, technical improvements, potentially rising uranium prices, and anticipated environmental regulations may make uranium extraction from phosphates profitable again in the United States and emerging phosphate rock mining centers in Northern Africa and the Middle East. Extracting uranium during phosphate fertilizer production is desirable in a way that otherwise lost resources are conserved and fertilizers with reduced radiotoxic heavy metal content are produced. Phosphate rocks have also been subject to clandestine uranium acquisition. In this work, the relevance of unconventional uranium resources from phosphate rocks is reviewed. A brief overview of the extraction process, a list of the required materials, and a very simple estimation of the amounts of uranium that could be extracted using a container-sized pilot plant which can be integrated into existing fertilizer plants is provided. Lastly, past known unreported uranium extraction activities from phosphate rocks are discussed.

中文翻译:

磷酸盐岩和核扩散

摘要 磷酸盐岩主要用于肥料生产。然而,它们也含有大量伴随的天然铀,其浓度可能超过商业铀矿中的浓度。在化肥生产过程中从磷矿中提取铀是一个技术成熟的工艺;在 1990 年代铀价下降使这种做法无利可图之前,它在美国和其他地方以工业规模使用。很快,技术改进、铀价格可能上涨以及预期的环境法规可能使从磷酸盐中提取铀在美国以及北非和中东新兴的磷矿开采中心再次有利可图。在磷肥生产过程中提取铀是可取的,这样可以保护否则损失的资源,并生产出放射性毒性重金属含量降低的肥料。磷酸盐岩也受到秘密收购铀的影响。在这项工作中,回顾了来自磷酸盐岩的非常规铀资源的相关性。提供了提取过程的简要概述、所需材料的清单,以及对使用可集成到现有化肥厂的容器大小的试验工厂可以提取的铀量的非常简单的估计。最后,讨论了过去已知的未报告的从磷酸盐岩中提取铀的活动。磷酸盐岩也受到秘密收购铀的影响。在这项工作中,回顾了来自磷酸盐岩的非常规铀资源的相关性。提供了提取过程的简要概述、所需材料的清单,以及对使用可集成到现有化肥厂的容器大小的试验工厂可提取的铀量的非常简单的估计。最后,讨论了过去已知的未报告的从磷酸盐岩中提取铀的活动。磷酸盐岩也受到秘密收购铀的影响。在这项工作中,回顾了来自磷酸盐岩的非常规铀资源的相关性。提供了提取过程的简要概述、所需材料的清单,以及对使用可集成到现有化肥厂的容器大小的试验工厂可以提取的铀量的非常简单的估计。最后,讨论了过去已知的未报告的从磷酸盐岩中提取铀的活动。并且提供了一个非常简单的铀量估算,使用一个容器大小的试验工厂可以提取,该试验工厂可以集成到现有的化肥厂中。最后,讨论了过去已知的未报告的从磷酸盐岩中提取铀的活动。并且提供了一个非常简单的铀量估算,使用一个容器大小的试验工厂可以提取,该试验工厂可以集成到现有的化肥厂中。最后,讨论了过去已知的未报告的从磷酸盐岩中提取铀的活动。
更新日期:2017-09-02
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