This article discusses the foundation of ideas for Vyacheslav Ivanov’s interpretation of Pushkin’s poem. In The Gypsies, Ivanov sees a conflict between personal freedom and sobornost’ as revealed by Pushkin, a conflict whose resolution marks the poet’s turn toward religious metaphysics. Ivanov’s conception of sobornost’ as the result of seeking the supra-personal in the personal echoes Pushkin’s overcoming of Byronism. Ivanov also sees in the poetics of The Gypsies and in the figure of Ovid an understanding of the poet’s special mission similar to his own, one that creates an image of the universe as an internally harmonic, open-ended, chaotic, and living system. In 1924, the motifs central to this article allow Ivanov to turn it into a protest against and challenge to Bolshevik attempts at demonic mastery of the elements of history and people.

中文翻译：

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维亚切斯拉夫·伊万诺夫（Vyacheslav Ivanov）在普希金的《吉普赛人：个人主义与自由的对立》中

本文讨论了维亚切斯拉夫·伊万诺夫（Vyacheslav Ivanov）对普希金诗歌的诠释的思想基础。在《吉普赛人》中，伊万诺夫看到了普希金所揭示的人身自由与生生不息的冲突，这一冲突的解决标志着诗人转向了宗教形而上学。在个人中寻求超个人的结果是伊万诺夫的“天生的观念”，这与普希金克服拜伦主义的结果​​相呼应。伊万诺夫还从《吉普赛人》的诗学和奥维德的形象中看到了对诗人特殊使命的理解，这一特殊使命与他自己的使命相似，创造了宇宙内部和谐，开放式，混沌和生命系统的形象。1924年，本文的核心主题使伊万诺夫可以将其转变为对布尔什维克试图以恶魔般的方式掌握历史和人民要素的抗议和挑战。