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Leveling the world: Metaphor and deshumanización in the cinematic dissolve
Romance Quarterly Pub Date : 2020-06-16 , DOI: 10.1080/08831157.2020.1772658
Alice McAdams 1
Affiliation  

Abstract José Ortega y Gasset’s essay “La deshumanización del arte” (1924) describes the distinct mode of perception that he attributed to the modern artist. According to Ortega, the avant-garde artist views all entities—from inanimate objects to human beings—strictly from the outside, perceiving only the “lights, shadows and chromatic values” that constitute an entity’s visible surface. This form of seeing engenders a leveled vision of the world in which the presence or absence of inner experience is irrelevant, and subjects and objects are thus rendered equivalent. Ortega and likeminded avant-garde poets considered metaphor to embody this mode of vision because it posits similarity among patently disparate beings and things; through metaphor, the differences in category that separate two compared entities are shown to be less significant than their shared esthetic qualities. This article investigates the relevance of the cinematic technique of dissolve—in which two images are briefly superimposed so that one appears to change smoothly into the other—to Ortega’s concept of dehumanized metaphor. I examine the role of the dissolve in Un chien andalou (1929) in order to demonstrate the function that it served for Luis Buñuel, Salvador Dalí and other filmmakers inclined toward Orteguian dehumanization. By joining together and implicitly equalizing human beings and things on the basis of their visual likeness, the dissolve employed the same strategy as verbal metaphor but was able to convey more vividly the lack of differentiation between subjects and objects.

中文翻译:

拉平世界:电影中的隐喻和非人性化消散

摘要 José Ortega y Gasset 的文章“La deshumanización del arte”(1924 年)描述了他归因于现代艺术家的独特感知模式。根据奥尔特加的说法,这位前卫艺术家严格地从外部观察所有实体——从无生命的物体到人类,只感知构成实体可见表面的“光、影和色值”。这种观看形式产生了一种水平的世界观,其中内在经验的存在与否无关紧要,因此主体和客体是等效的。奥尔特加和志同道合的前卫诗人认为隐喻可以体现这种视觉模式,因为它假定明显不同的存在和事物之间存在相似性;通过比喻,将两个比较实体分开的类别差异被证明不如它们共同的审美品质重要。本文研究了溶解的电影技术(其中两个图像被简单地叠加,使一个看起来平滑地变成另一个)与奥尔特加的非人性化隐喻概念的相关性。我考察了解散在 Un chien andalou (1929) 中的作用,以展示它对路易斯·布努埃尔、萨尔瓦多·达利和其他倾向于奥特圭非人化的电影制片人的作用。通过在视觉相似性的基础上将人与物结合在一起并隐含地平等,溶解采用了与语言隐喻相同的策略,但能够更生动地表达主体和客体之间缺乏区分。本文研究了溶解的电影技术(其中两个图像被简单地叠加,使一个看起来平滑地变成另一个)与奥尔特加的非人化隐喻概念的相关性。我考察了解散在 Un chien andalou (1929) 中的作用,以展示它对路易斯·布努埃尔、萨尔瓦多·达利和其他倾向于奥特圭非人化的电影制片人的作用。通过在视觉相似性的基础上将人与物结合在一起并隐含地平等,溶解采用了与语言隐喻相同的策略,但能够更生动地表达主体和客体之间缺乏区分。本文研究了溶解的电影技术(其中两个图像被简单地叠加,使一个看起来平滑地变成另一个)与奥尔特加的非人化隐喻概念的相关性。我考察了解散在 Un chien andalou (1929) 中的作用,以展示它对路易斯·布努埃尔、萨尔瓦多·达利和其他倾向于奥特圭非人化的电影制片人的作用。通过在视觉相似性的基础上将人与物结合在一起并隐含地平等,溶解采用了与语言隐喻相同的策略,但能够更生动地表达主体和客体之间缺乏区分。
更新日期:2020-06-16
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