Synthesizing ten decades of scholarship by Russian historians and sociologists, this article traces the major developments in the history of women and the women’s movement in Russia shortly before and during the Russian Revolution. Studies between 1917 and 2017 of the ‘women’s issue’ around the turn of the twentieth century demonstrate that in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia the struggle to recognize the rights of women did not form part of the basic struggle for human rights as it did in the West. What themes were interesting and important in the ‘rural kingdom’ of Russia, since feminism was usually an ideology of urbanized countries? What topics from the history of women’s movements were prioritized if discourse surrounding feminism remained negative? The article discusses the links between the topics studied and the events contemporaneous with the historians’ lifetimes. One can see also the development of a traditionalist trend over the course of 70 years of Soviet rule unrelated to feminist ideas, where its proponents continued traditional studies of social consciousness, social movements, social history and family anthropology. This discourse and approach directs readers towards accepting the importance and heuristic value of the study of not the feminist movement, but the social role of women in history and social movements with women’s participation. The evidence collected by its proponents is sometimes intended to lay the groundwork for the ‘uniqueness’ of the Russian path and thus the ‘foreignness’ of feminist values and special ‘women’s rights’ to Russian culture. But, simultaneously, there has been a steady and largely unseen growth of feminism. There is a lack of specialists in Russia who are prepared to teach courses in women and gender history in general and to inform people of the impact of women on the Russian Revolution, but there are some. This article summarizes their achievements and will conclude by surveying the unanswered questions that are facing the new generation of feminist scholars in Russia.

中文翻译：

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1900 年至 1917 年妇女参与俄罗斯社会政治生活的苏联和后苏联奖学金

这篇文章综合了俄罗斯历史学家和社会学家十多年的学术成果，追溯了俄罗斯革命前不久和革命期间俄罗斯妇女历史和妇女运动的重大发展。1917 年至 2017 年间围绕 20 世纪之交的“妇女问题”的研究表明，在苏联和后苏联时期的俄罗斯，承认妇女权利的斗争并不像过去那样成为争取人权的基本斗争的一部分。西方。在俄罗斯的“农村王国”中有哪些有趣和重要的主题，因为女权主义通常是城市化国家的意识形态？如果围绕女权主义的话语仍然是负面的，那么优先考虑妇女运动历史中的哪些主题？这篇文章讨论了所研究的主题与与历史学家一生同时期发生的事件之间的联系。人们还可以看到，在与女权主义思想无关的 70 年苏联统治过程中，传统主义趋势的发展，其支持者继续对社会意识、社会运动、社会历史和家庭人类学进行传统研究。这种话语和方法引导读者接受研究的重要性和启发式价值，而不是女性主义运动，而是女性在历史和女性参与的社会运动中的社会角色。其支持者收集的证据有时旨在为俄罗斯道路的“独特性”奠定基础，从而为女权主义价值观的“外来性”和俄罗斯文化的特殊“女性权利”奠定基础。但是，与此同时，女权主义也在稳步增长，而且在很大程度上是看不见的。俄罗斯缺乏准备教授女性和一般性别历史课程以及让人们了解女性对俄罗斯革命的影响的专家，但也有一些专家。本文总结了她们的成就，并将通过调查俄罗斯新一代女权主义学者所面临的悬而未决的问题来结束。女权主义一直在稳步增长，但在很大程度上是看不见的。俄罗斯缺乏准备教授女性和一般性别历史课程以及让人们了解女性对俄罗斯革命的影响的专家，但也有一些专家。本文总结了她们的成就，并将通过调查俄罗斯新一代女权主义学者所面临的悬而未决的问题来结束。女权主义一直在稳步增长，但在很大程度上是看不见的。俄罗斯缺乏准备教授女性和一般性别历史课程以及让人们了解女性对俄罗斯革命的影响的专家，但也有一些专家。本文总结了她们的成就，并将通过调查俄罗斯新一代女权主义学者所面临的悬而未决的问题来结束。