ABSTRACT

This article examines the role of international law in extending entitlement at sea and undermining the ocean commons. It suggests that entitlement through enclosure and territoriality has been a persistent feature at sea, historically taking different forms, with hard and softer versions of claiming authority and jurisdiction. In our endeavour to conceptualise this problematic, we employ the notion of liquid entitlement to refer to the agility and flexibility of marine zonings, and the ambivalence of jurisdiction which is exacerbated at sea. The article outlines how the legal provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) whilst seeking to bring clarity over state claims have increased marine territoriality and also problematically envisioned and implemented the “Common Heritage of Mankind” principle. Thus, the institutions created to regulate the range of human activity at sea have become legitimators of a plethora of entitlements for its exploitation.

摘要

本文探讨国际法在扩大海上权利和破坏海洋公域方面的作用。它表明，通过圈地和领土获得的权利一直是海上的一个持久特征，在历史上采取不同的形式，有声称权威和管辖权的硬性和软性版本。在我们努力将这个问题概念化时，我们采用了流动权利的概念指海洋分区的敏捷性和灵活性，以及​​在海上加剧的管辖权的矛盾性。文章概述了 1982 年《联合国海洋法公约》（UNCLOS）的法律规定，在寻求澄清国家主张的同时，如何增加海洋领土，并在设想和实施“人类共同遗产”原则时遇到问题。因此，为规范海上人类活动范围而创建的机构已成为对其开发的众多权利的合法化者。