ABSTRACT What role do criminal organisations play in policymaking? Evidence presented in this paper from Latin America and the Caribbean points to the complex ways that various types of criminal groups influence the policy process. Based on the structure of the criminal organisation and the relationship between these groups and state officials this article illustrates the different types of dynamics criminal groups contribute to the policy process. In some cases, these dynamics increase the costs of policies while in others they alter the content of policies and strengthen the position of criminal groups in the neighbourhoods where they operate. The article identifies three dimensions along which criminal groups intervene in the policy process: friction; division; and mediation. The article shows these dynamics by looking at how criminal groups intervene in the policy process in various gang-controlled neighbourhoods in Rio de Janeiro, Medellín, and Kingston.

中文翻译：

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犯罪组织与决策过程

摘要犯罪组织在决策中起什么作用？本文从拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区获得的证据表明，各种类型的犯罪集团影响政策进程的复杂方式。基于犯罪组织的结构以及这些群体与国家官员之间的关系，本文说明了犯罪群体对政策过程做出贡献的不同类型的动力。在某些情况下，这些动态增加了政策的成本，而在另一些情况下，它们改变了政策的内容并增强了犯罪集团在其经营所在社区的地位。文章确定了犯罪集团干预政策过程的三个方面：摩擦；分配; 和调解。