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Introduction
Ethnoarchaeology Pub Date : 2018-07-03 , DOI: 10.1080/19442890.2018.1511237
Carolina Mallol 1 , Auréade Henry 2
Affiliation  

Although fire is ubiquitous among humans and it appears to have been so for at least hundreds of thousands of years, its study as an artifact is relatively recent due to its sedimentary nature. Archaeologists are only now beginning to properly document and sample combustion residues for their study as artifacts and to realize their potential as sinks of behavioral information, with clues concealed in ash, charcoal, burnt materials and the sedimentary substrate underlying hearths. Thus, archaeological combustion features are now analyzed at different scales using a variety of techniques to explore their spatial distribution, composition and formation. The physical and chemical transformations caused by heating on a variety of raw materials, as well as their social and technical implications, are equally at the center of current research. As a result, we are starting to unveil functional, technological and other behavioral aspects of fire in archaeological contexts from different regions and time periods. Robust experimental studies, whose standards are progressively improving, along with ethnoarchaeology, have played an important role in these developments. Even though several aspects of ethnoarchaeology have been recurrently criticized, countless examples illustrate that it represents a privileged path for archaeological theoryand method-building. As ethnoarchaeological research on hunter-gatherer fire is scarce, it is particularly important that fire in living societies is observed and recorded in ways that are comparable to the archaeological sedimentary record and that both similarities and differences are analyzed from the macroscopic to the molecular level. In light of this, and in the framework of ERC Consolidator Grant Project “PALEOCHAR” geared towards interdisciplinary studies of archaeological charred organic matter, in February 2017 we organized an “Ethnoarchaeology of Fire” symposium at the University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain which brought together the experts in the field and gave rise to fruitful discussions on current research around anthropogenic fire. The success of the meeting revealed a great interest in archaeological fire and the benefits of articulating a community of different specialists around this topic has since been shown, among other things, by the creation of a “Pyroarchaeology” UISPP commission in June 2018. In this volume, we present a selection of original research papers highlighting current approaches to anthropogenic fire involving ethnoarchaeology or ethnoarchaeological data and fieldwork. They all address essential issues linked to (ethno)archaeological fire in

中文翻译:

介绍

尽管火在人类中无处不在,而且至少已经存在了数十万年,但由于其沉积性质,它作为人工制品的研究相对较新。考古学家现在才开始正确记录和取样燃烧残留物作为文物进行研究,并意识到它们作为行为信息汇的潜力,线索隐藏在灰烬、木炭、燃烧材料和炉膛下方的沉积基质中。因此,现在使用各种技术在不同尺度上分析考古燃烧特征,以探索其空间分布、组成和形成。加热对各种原材料造成的物理和化学变化,以及它们的社会和技术影响,同样是当前研究的中心。因此,我们开始在不同地区和不同时期的考古环境中揭示火灾的功能、技术和其他行为方面。稳健的实验研究,其标准正在逐步提高,以及民族考古学,在这些发展中发挥了重要作用。尽管民族考古学的几个方面一再受到批评,但无数的例子表明它代表了考古理论和方法构建的一条特权道路。由于对狩猎采集火的民族考古学研究很少,因此以与考古沉积记录相当的方式观察和记录生活社会中的火,并从宏观到分子水平分析异同,显得尤为重要。有鉴于此,在 ERC 整合者资助项目“PALEOCHAR”的框架内,针对考古烧焦有机物的跨学科研究,2017 年 2 月,我们在西班牙特内里费岛的拉古纳大学组织了一场“火的民族考古学”研讨会,汇集了专家该领域并引发了对当前围绕人为火灾的研究的富有成果的讨论。会议的成功表明了人们对考古火灾的极大兴趣,并且在 2018 年 6 月成立了一个“火考古学”UIISPP 委员会,这表明围绕这一主题建立不同专家社区的好处。体积,我们展示了一系列原创研究论文,重点介绍了涉及民族考古学或民族考古学数据和实地调查的人为火灾的当前方法。它们都解决了与(民族)考古火灾相关的基本问题
更新日期:2018-07-03
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