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Protean Form inWashington Square: Linguistic Experimentation and the Anticipation of Life
English Studies in Africa Pub Date : 2016-07-02 , DOI: 10.1080/00138398.2016.1239422
Merle Williams

Although Washington Square appears to be a thoroughly assured and compactly structured novel bearing testimony to Henry James’s predilection for dramatic representation, the text provides a site for fertile experimentation with the protean possibilities of fictional form. Washington Square is a realist novel that is not quite realist. While James pays close attention to such pertinent factors as time, place, characterisation and dialogue, a fleeting autobiographical interpolation begins to destabilise predictable generic assumptions. As the narrative unfolds, the reader is drawn into engaging with aspects of the plot that suggest both a moving drama of intense psychological struggle and a modern domestic tragedy. At the same time, the text calls into question frequently accepted referential links to the experiential world by subtly foregrounding its affiliations to the processes of aesthetic production. From this perspective, the protean potential of Washington Square may be regarded as more closely related to Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey, Honoré de Balzac’s Eugénie Grandet or Victor Cherbuliez’s now obscure Le Comte Kostia (1863) than to conventionally acknowledged mimetic principles. Such an interpretation is reinforced by James’s consistent foregrounding of the flexible linguistic play of his narrative. Irony is the dominant modality of both the narrator and Dr Sloper, while melodrama in quite distinct guises becomes the expressive medium of the Doctor, as well as his foolishly interfering sister, Mrs Penniman. Morris Townsend, as disingenuous suitor, is an accomplished manipulator of language. This leaves Catherine, the disappointing daughter, vulnerable heiress and rejected bride, to complete the dynamic equilibrium of a rhetorical square (reflecting the title of the novel) with the pathos of her silent endurance. Yet Catherine’s quiet inwardness serves equally as the ethical focus of James’s story. Her frustrated anticipation of, and yearning for, a life of modest recognition and emotional reciprocity is poised against the glittering repartee of James’s scenes and the imaginative cleverness required by the aesthetic enterprise. It is ultimately Catherine’s consciousness that consumes the verbal gymnastics of the novel into the privacy of her chastened, yet resilient, existence. As James understands, the rest must be silence.

中文翻译:

华盛顿广场千变万化的形式:语言实验和对生活的期待

尽管《华盛顿广场》似乎是一部完全可靠且结构紧凑的小说,证明了亨利·詹姆斯对戏剧表现的偏爱,但该文本为虚构形式的千变万化的可能性提供了丰富的实验场所。华盛顿广场是一部不太现实主义的现实主义小说。虽然詹姆斯密切关注时间、地点、人物塑造和对话等相关因素,但转瞬即逝的自传性插值开始动摇可预测的一般假设。随着叙事的展开,读者被吸引到情节的各个方面,这些方面暗示着激烈的心理斗争的感人戏剧和现代家庭悲剧。同时,文本通过巧妙地将经验世界的隶属关系置于审美生产过程中,从而质疑经常被接受的与经验世界的参考联系。从这个角度来看,华盛顿广场多变的潜力可能被认为与简·奥斯汀的诺桑觉寺、奥诺雷·德·巴尔扎克的欧仁妮·格朗黛或维克多·谢尔布列兹现在不起眼的 Le Comte Kostia (1863) 的关系更密切,而不是传统上公认的模仿原则。詹姆斯对其叙事灵活的语言游戏的一贯前景强化了这种解释。讽刺是叙述者和斯洛珀博士的主要形式,而以截然不同的形式呈现的情节剧成为了博士以及他愚蠢的干涉姐姐彭尼曼夫人的表现媒介。莫里斯汤森,作为虚伪的追求者,是一位成功的语言操纵者。这让令人失望的女儿、脆弱的女继承人和被拒绝的新娘凯瑟琳以她沉默忍耐的悲情完成了修辞广场(反映小说的标题)的动态平衡。然而,凯瑟琳平静的内心也同样是詹姆斯故事的伦理焦点。她对谦虚的认可和情感互惠的生活的失望期待和渴望与詹姆斯场景的闪闪发光和审美事业所需的富有想象力的聪明相抗衡。最终是凯瑟琳的意识将小说的口头体操消耗到她受过惩罚但又坚韧的存在的隐私中。正如詹姆斯所理解的,剩下的一定是沉默。令人失望的女儿,脆弱的女继承人和被拒绝的新娘,以她沉默忍耐的悲情完成了修辞广场的动态平衡(反映了小说的标题)。然而,凯瑟琳平静的内心也同样是詹姆斯故事的伦理焦点。她对谦虚的认可和情感互惠的生活的失望期待和渴望与詹姆斯场景的闪闪发光和审美事业所需的富有想象力的聪明相抗衡。最终是凯瑟琳的意识将小说的口头体操消耗到她受过惩罚但又坚韧的存在的隐私中。正如詹姆斯所理解的,剩下的一定是沉默。令人失望的女儿,脆弱的女继承人和被拒绝的新娘,以她沉默忍耐的悲情完成了修辞广场的动态平衡(反映了小说的标题)。然而,凯瑟琳平静的内心也同样是詹姆斯故事的伦理焦点。她对谦虚的认可和情感互惠的生活的失望期待和渴望与詹姆斯场景的闪闪发光和审美事业所需的富有想象力的聪明相抗衡。最终是凯瑟琳的意识将小说的口头体操消耗到她受过惩罚但又坚韧的存在的隐私中。正如詹姆斯所理解的,剩下的一定是沉默。以她沉默忍耐的悲情完成修辞广场(反映小说的标题)的动态平衡。然而,凯瑟琳平静的内心也同样是詹姆斯故事的伦理焦点。她对谦虚的认可和情感互惠的生活的失望期待和渴望与詹姆斯场景的闪闪发光和审美事业所需的富有想象力的聪明相抗衡。最终是凯瑟琳的意识将小说的口头体操消耗到她受过惩罚但又坚韧的存在的隐私中。正如詹姆斯所理解的,剩下的一定是沉默。以她沉默忍耐的悲情完成修辞广场(反映小说的标题)的动态平衡。然而,凯瑟琳平静的内心也同样是詹姆斯故事的伦理焦点。她对谦虚的认可和情感互惠的生活的失望期待和渴望与詹姆斯场景的闪闪发光和审美事业所需的富有想象力的聪明相抗衡。最终是凯瑟琳的意识将小说的口头体操消耗到她受过惩罚但又坚韧的存在的隐私中。正如詹姆斯所理解的,剩下的一定是沉默。谦虚的认可和情感上的互惠生活正与詹姆斯场景的闪闪发光和审美事业所需的富有想象力的聪明相抗衡。最终是凯瑟琳的意识将小说的口头体操消耗到她受过惩罚但又坚韧的存在的隐私中。正如詹姆斯所理解的,剩下的一定是沉默。谦虚的认可和情感上的互惠生活正与詹姆斯场景的闪闪发光和审美事业所需的富有想象力的聪明相抗衡。最终是凯瑟琳的意识将小说的口头体操消耗到她受过惩罚但又富有弹性的存在的隐私中。正如詹姆斯所理解的,剩下的一定是沉默。
更新日期:2016-07-02
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