ABSTRACT School refusal is heterogeneous in aetiology and presentation. The heterogeneity in its presentation, the focus of this study, complicates the conceptualisation and assessment of school refusal. The present study documents the development of a descriptive model of school refusal that was used to inform the development of a questionnaire for identifying manifestations of school refusal (the SChool REfusal EvaluatioN – SCREEN). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 participants: adolescents who display school refusal and those who do not, middle school professionals, and care professionals working with adolescents displaying school refusal. Analysis of interview data led to the organisation of school refusal manifestations according to four main themes comprising ten categories. The four themes were: School, Daily and Family Life, Health, and Socialisation Outside Home and Family. These themes correspond to the various contexts in which school refusal may be manifest. Results support the common notion that school refusal manifestations are not limited to absence from the school context, and are likely to occur outside this environment. This study represents the first empirical analysis of the manifestations of school refusal among French youth displaying school refusal.

中文翻译：

---

屏幕背后：确定拒绝学校的主题和子主题

摘要 学校拒绝在病因和表现上是异质的。其呈现方式的异质性，即本研究的重点，使拒绝学校的概念化和评估复杂化。本研究记录了拒绝学校的描述模型的发展，该模型用于为确定学校拒绝表现的问卷（学校拒绝评估 - 屏幕）的开发提供信息。对 42 名参与者进行了半结构化访谈：表现出拒绝上学的青少年和那些没有表现出的青少年、中学专业人士以及与表现出拒绝上学的青少年一起工作的护理专业人士。对访谈数据的分析导致根据四个主要主题（包括十个类别）组织拒绝学校的表现形式。四个主题是：学校，日常生活和家庭生活、健康以及家庭和家庭之外的社会化。这些主题对应于可能出现拒学的各种情况。结果支持普遍的观点，即拒绝学校的表现不仅限于离开学校环境，而且很可能发生在这种环境之外。这项研究代表了对法国青年拒绝上学表现的首次实证分析。