Abstract:

This article sets out a Gramscian perspective on revolutionary weakness in the MENA. It aims not at a top-down analysis of how activists were crushed, but at a bottom-up analysis evaluating activist activity. Drawing on a reading of Gramsci, fieldwork in Egypt, and recent research on MENA protest, it adopts a Gramscian concept of transformative activity and applies it to the MENA since 2011. It argues that the basic elements of transformative activity in Gramsci include subaltern social groups, conceptions of the world, collective will, organisation, strategy/tactics, and historical bloc. It argues that transformative activity involves the organic articulation of these distinct moments in a complex, differentiated unity. On the basis of this view, the article shows how sense can be made of revolutionary weakness in the MENA since 2011 through a critical analysis of problems in the organic articulation of revolutionary mobilisation.

摘要：

本文阐述了格拉姆斯基关于中东和北非地区革命性弱点的观点。它的目的不是自上而下的分析如何粉碎维权人士，而是以自下而上的方式评估维权人士的活动。该书借鉴了葛兰西，埃及的实地考察以及对中东和北非地区抗议活动的最新研究，采用了格拉姆斯主义的转型活动概念并将其自2011年起应用于中东和北非地区。它认为，葛兰西的转型活动的基本要素包括次要社会群体。 ，世界概念，集体意愿，组织，策略/策略和历史集团。它认为，变革活动涉及将这些不同的时刻有机地联系在一起，形成一个复杂的，分化的统一体。基于这种观点，