ABSTRACT

Going back to the theoretical framework of the “Economics des conventions” (EC), more specifically the concepts of “quality conventions” and “worlds of production”, the article deals with the transformations in shoe manufacture at the transition from the 19th to the 20th century. The advent of inexpensive mass products led to a re-evaluation of shoe quality against the background of a plurality of quality criteria. The focus of the contribution are the Swiss shoe company Bally and the Czechoslovakian rival Bat’a, both of which competed on the Swiss market. The cheap competition from the latter prompted the Swiss state in 1934 to carry out far-reaching economic policy interventions on behalf of the domestic shoe industry. In view of this conflict, the article examines the effects of the new production and management processes on the qualification of employees in both companies. With reference to the EC, qualification comprises the generation and attribution of qualities (competences, attitudes, behaviors etc.) to persons involved in the production process. In addition to processes of selection and training, these also primarily include those of socialisation and acculturation using specific company-owned (social) institutions. These areas of action, but also technologies, objects, buildings, including their architectural design etc., are understood as elements within the production chain that had to be coordinated in the context of specific “worlds of production”.

摘要

回到“公约经济学”（EC）的理论框架，更具体地说是“质量公约”和“生产世界”的概念，文章论述了从 19 世纪到20世纪。廉价大众产品的出现导致在多个质量标准的背景下重新评估鞋的质量。贡献的重点是瑞士鞋业公司 Bally 和捷克斯洛伐克的竞争对手 Bat'a，两者都在瑞士市场上展开竞争。来自后者的廉价竞争促使瑞士政府在 1934 年代表国内鞋业进行了深远的经济政策干预。鉴于这种冲突，本文考察了新的生产和管理流程对两家公司员工资格的影响。就 EC 而言，资格包括质量（能力、态度、行为等）的产生和归因于生产过程中涉及的人员。除了选拔和培训过程外，这些还主要包括使用特定的公司所有（社会）机构进行社会化和文化适应的过程。这些行动领域，以及技术、物体、建筑，包括其建筑设计等，都被理解为生产链中的元素，必须在特定“生产世界”的背景下进行协调。资格包括品质（能力、态度、行为等）的产生和归属于生产过程中涉及的人员。除了选拔和培训过程外，这些还主要包括使用特定的公司所有（社会）机构进行社会化和文化适应的过程。这些行动领域，以及技术、物体、建筑，包括其建筑设计等，都被理解为生产链中的元素，必须在特定“生产世界”的背景下进行协调。资格包括品质（能力、态度、行为等）的产生和归属于生产过程中涉及的人员。除了选拔和培训过程外，这些还主要包括使用特定的公司所有（社会）机构进行社会化和文化适应的过程。这些行动领域，以及技术、物体、建筑，包括其建筑设计等，都被理解为生产链中的元素，必须在特定“生产世界”的背景下进行协调。