ABSTRACT The history of humanitarianism has typically focussed on organizations or key players in establishing these organizations, with little attention paid to fieldworkers, ignoring what might be considered a “bottom-up” approach to humanitarian history. This article uses personal narratives of fieldworkers to analyze their actions through the lens of emotions, which allows their motivations to come to the forefront, rather than assuming they carry out actions to fulfil the orders of the organization for which they work. This article comprises four case studies (Esme Odgers, Audrey Russell, Richard Rees and Lilian Urmston) based on personal narratives covering the often overlooked period between the end of Spanish Civil War and the beginning of World War II, when half a million Spanish refugees fled into France in what became known as the retirada. It will explore how aid was given on an individual level and what this can tell us about the larger story of transnational aid movements. These personal narratives show that all of these four aid workers sympathized with a specific cause, while continuing to profess in public the neutrality and nonpolitical nature of their activities as expected of those engaged in humanitarianism. Their shared experiences culminated in feelings of solidarity and empathy with those they aided, rather than sympathy, compassion or pity – emotions often associated with humanitarianism.

中文翻译：

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同情英国人道主义工作者在退伍时协助西班牙共和党难民的叙述：Esme Odgers、Audrey Russell、Richard Rees 和 Lilian Urmston

摘要 人道主义史通常关注组织或建立这些组织的关键参与者，很少关注实地工作者，忽略了可能被视为“自下而上”的人道主义历史方法。本文使用田野工作者的个人叙述，通过情绪的镜头分析他们的行为，这让他们的动机浮出水面，而不是假设他们采取行动是为了完成他们工作的组织的命令。本文包括四个案例研究（Esme Odgers、Audrey Russell、Richard Rees 和 Lilian Urmston），基于个人叙述，涵盖了西班牙内战结束和第二次世界大战开始之间经常被忽视的时期，当 50 万西班牙难民在后来被称为 retirada 的情况下逃到法国。它将探讨如何在个人层面上提供援助，以及这可以告诉我们关于跨国援助运动的更大故事的什么。这些个人叙述表明，这四名援助人员都同情一个特定的事业，同时继续公开宣称他们的活动是人道主义者所期望的中立性和非政治性。他们的共同经历最终使他们对所帮助的人感到团结和同情，而不是同情、同情或怜悯——这些情绪通常与人道主义有关。这些个人叙述表明，这四名援助人员都同情一个特定的事业，同时继续公开宣称他们的活动是人道主义者所期望的中立性和非政治性。他们的共同经历最终使他们对所帮助的人感到团结和同情，而不是同情、同情或怜悯——这些情绪通常与人道主义有关。这些个人叙述表明，这四名援助人员都同情一个特定的事业，同时继续公开宣称他们的活动是人道主义者所期望的中立性和非政治性。他们的共同经历最终使他们对所帮助的人感到团结和同情，而不是同情、同情或怜悯——这些情绪通常与人道主义有关。