ABSTRACT

What conditions precipitate militia-inflicted sexual violence during counterinsurgency operations? In our article, we expand on the sexual violence as practice framework by focusing on the issue of commander's tolerance as a form of implicit order. Specifically, we argue that militia-inflicted sexual violence is amplified by two interrelated conditions – the link to the government security forces and the autonomy permitted to the militias in conflict zones. Thus, we refine the logic of sexual violence as practice to understand the finer variations of militia-committed violence. We elaborate our explanations by analyzing Indonesia's peripheral operations in East Timor, Aceh and West Papua.

摘要

在平叛行动中，什么条件会导致民兵实施性暴力？在我们的文章中，我们通过关注作为一种隐性命令形式的指挥官的容忍问题，扩展了作为实践框架的性暴力。具体来说，我们认为民兵造成的性暴力被两个相互关联的条件放大——与政府安全部队的联系以及允许民兵在冲突地区的自治权。因此，我们将性暴力的逻辑细化为实践，以了解民兵暴力的更精细变化。我们通过分析印度尼西亚在东帝汶、亚齐和西巴布亚的外围业务来详细解释我们的解释。