ABSTRACT

In this paper we seek to set out in broad terms the main contours of the vernacular past of the Idaw Tanan of the western High Atlas Mountains of Morocco. By vernacular past we mean the oral, broadly shared, understanding of the past as it is viewed within particular societies, in contrast to written, researched, accounts of past events produced by historians or contained in official histories. Among the Idaw Tanan, the vernacular past constitutes a body of information which is largely co-created and sustained by the old men of local communities. It falls into four more or less discrete domains based on two cross-cutting dimensions: first, relative time-depth (shallow versus deep), and second, whether the subject matter relates to secular or sacred matters. The four domains are analysed in terms of the manner in which they are produced, their contents, texture, language-style, and the way in which the personæ and events depicted within them are situated in time. Two particular events in the ‘official’ history of Morocco – an 1883 royal expedition along the south Atlantic coast led by Mulāy Ḥasan I, and the 1912 mass march from Tiznit to Marrakesh led by the insurgent Aḥmad al-Hiba – are also discussed insofar as they are refracted in the Idaw Tanan vernacular past. Finally, there is a brief discussion of how contradictions between the Idaw Tanan vernacular past and other ‘pasts’ are managed when they become evident.

摘要

在本文中，我们试图从广义上阐述摩洛哥西部高阿特拉斯山脉 Idaw Tanan 的白话过去的主要轮廓。我们所说的白话过去是指在特定社会中对过去的口头、广泛共享的理解，这与历史学家对过去事件的书面、研究和记录或官方历史中包含的过去事件的描述形成对比。在 Idaw Tanan 中，白话过去构成了一个信息体，主要由当地社区的老人共同创造和维持。它基于两个交叉维度分为四个或多或少的离散域：第一，相对时间深度（浅与深），第二，主题是否与世俗或神圣事物相关。这四个领域是根据它们产生的方式来分析的，它们的内容、质地、语言风格，以及其中所描绘的人物和事件在时间上所处的位置。摩洛哥“官方”历史上的两个特殊事件——1883 年由 Mulāy Ḥasan I 率领的南大西洋沿岸皇家探险队，以及 1912 年由叛乱分子 Aḥmad al-Hiba 领导的从提兹尼特到马拉喀什的大规模游行——也被讨论为它们在 Idaw Tanan 白话过去中折射出来。最后，简要讨论了 Idaw Tanan 白话过去与其他“过去”之间的矛盾在变得明显时如何处理。以及 1912 年由叛乱分子 Aḥmad al-Hiba 领导的从提兹尼特到马拉喀什的群众游行——也被讨论，因为它们在 Idaw Tanan 白话过去中被折射。最后，简要讨论了 Idaw Tanan 白话过去与其他“过去”之间的矛盾在变得明显时如何处理。以及 1912 年由叛乱分子 Aḥmad al-Hiba 领导的从提兹尼特到马拉喀什的群众游行——也被讨论，因为它们在 Idaw Tanan 白话过去中被折射。最后，简要讨论了 Idaw Tanan 白话过去与其他“过去”之间的矛盾在变得明显时如何处理。