ABSTRACT

The different crises which have affected the European Union (EU) since 2008, have triggered a major politicisation of European integration. This dynamic makes it of utmost importance to understand how parties act within the European Parliament (EP), in order to gauge whether it is possible to identify a parliamentary opposition which is Eurocritical but not Eurosceptic.

For this purpose, three parties are considered: Syriza (Synaspismos Rizospastikis Aristeras, Coalition of the Radical Left), Podemos (We Can) and the Movimento Cinque Stelle (Five Star Movement). These parties’ positions on the EU are either unclear and/or critical, but also hard to classify as hostile to European integration.

The empirical analysis highlights a significant degree of commonality in the voting behaviour of these parties and a high level of disagreement with the Eurosceptic bloc, thus pointing to a more complex political confrontation in the EP structured around: pro-EU/majority parties, Eurocritical/‘loyal’ opposition parties and Eurosceptic/anti-system parties.

摘要

自2008年以来影响欧洲联盟（EU）的各种危机引发了欧洲一体化的重大政治化。这种动态使了解当事方在欧洲议会（EP）内的行为至关重要，以便评估是否有可能确定对欧洲持批评态度但对欧洲持怀疑态度的议会反对派。

为此，考虑了三个政党：Syriza（Synaspismos Rizospastikis Aristeras，激进左翼联盟），Podemos（我们可以）和Movimento Cinque Stelle（五星级运动）。这些政党对欧盟的立场既不明确和/或不重要，也很难归类为对欧洲一体化的敌视。

实证分析强调了这些政党在投票行为上的高度共通性以及与欧洲怀疑论集团的高度分歧，因此指出欧洲联盟中的政治对抗更为复杂，其结构围绕：亲欧盟/多数党，欧洲批判/ “忠诚的”反对党和欧洲怀疑论者/反系统党。