ABSTRACT

The paper focuses on Schopenhauer’s idealism and investigates how its elaboration was related not only to Kant but also to Berkeley – a theme generally overlooked by scholars. Schopenhauer viewed Berkeley and Kant as those who had shown the advantages of idealism but were not able to reconcile it with a satisfying metaphysics: they had both set the path, but the work remained to be finished – and his system would provide the resolution. The paper analyses the presence of Berkeley in Schopenhauer’s works (Section 2) and investigates why and how Berkeley became relevant for Schopenhauer’s project (Section 3). Sections 4–5 revisit the debate on Kant’s transcendental idealism and illuminate the role of Berkeley in both the first reactions to the Critique of Pure Reason and the genesis of German Idealism. Sections 6–7 contextualize and explain Schopenhauer’s strategy of praising Berkeley and espousing idealism as a doctrine that defined his own originality in post-Kantian philosophy.

摘要

该论文侧重于叔本华的唯心主义，并调查其阐述如何不仅与康德有关，而且与伯克利有关——这是一个被学者普遍忽视的主题。叔本华将伯克利和康德视为那些展示了唯心主义的优点但无法将其与令人满意的形而上学相协调的人：他们都设定了道路，但工作仍有待完成——而他的系统将提供解决方案。本文分析了伯克利在叔本华的作品中的存在（第 2 节），并调查了伯克利为何以及如何与叔本华的项目相关（第 3 节）。第 4-5 节重新审视关于康德先验唯心主义的辩论，并阐明了伯克利在对《纯粹理性批判》的两个第一反应中的作用以及德国唯心主义的起源。第 6-7 节将叔本华赞美伯克利和拥护唯心主义作为定义他自己在后康德哲学中的独创性的学说的策略进行了语境化和解释。