ABSTRACT In Multi-tiered System of Support (MTSS) and Response to Intervention (RTI) models, the reading achievement of English Learners (ELs) is assessed multiple times during the school year to monitor students’ progress toward meeting grade-level reading standards. Most MTSS/RTI frameworks do not include a comparable system for assessing oral language development. The English Learner Oral Narrative Scale (ELONS) was developed as an informal, criterion-referenced instrument to assess the personal narrative skills of ELs (i.e., skills in recounting personal experiences). The ELONS was piloted with 28 third grade ELs in a transitional bilingual education program to describe participants’ personal narrative skills and to explore relationships between narrative skills and reading achievement. Mean scores were at the Advanced level for English global narrative proficiency and vocabulary, grammar, and fluency; mean ratings for oral comprehension and pronunciation were at the Advanced High level. Twelve of 28 ELs produced Spanish narratives of sufficient length to score. Mean global and subskill scores were at the Advanced level except for fluency (Intermediate level). ELONS global proficiency scores showed moderate correlations to state assessments of English language proficiency and English reading. Implications for oral language assessment in MTSS/RTI frameworks and future research directions are discussed.

中文翻译：

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将口语评估纳入 MTSS/RTI 框架：个人叙述评估的潜力

摘要 在多层次支持系统 (MTSS) 和干预反应 (RTI) 模型中，英语学习者 (EL) 的阅读成绩在学年中被多次评估，以监控学生达到年级阅读标准的进度。大多数 MTSS/RTI 框架不包括用于评估口语发展的可比系统。英语学习者口语叙事量表 (ELONS) 被开发为一种非正式的、标准参考的工具，用于评估 EL 的个人叙事技能（即讲述个人经历的技能）。在过渡性双语教育计划中，ELONS 与 28 名三年级 EL 一起试用，以描述参与者的个人叙事技巧并探索叙事技巧与阅读成绩之间的关系。英语全球叙事能力和词汇、语法和流利度的平均分数处于高级水平；口语理解和发音的平均评分为高级高级水平。28 名 EL 中有 12 名制作了足够长的西班牙语叙述以进行评分。除流利程度（中级）外，平均总体和单项技能分数均处于高级水平。ELONS 全球熟练度分数显示出与英语语言能力和英语阅读的状态评估之间的中等相关性。讨论了 MTSS/RTI 框架中口语评估的含义和未来的研究方向。除流利程度（中级）外，平均总体和单项技能分数均处于高级水平。ELONS 全球熟练度分数显示出与英语语言能力和英语阅读的状态评估之间的中等相关性。讨论了 MTSS/RTI 框架中口语评估的含义和未来的研究方向。除流利程度（中级）外，平均总体和单项技能分数均处于高级水平。ELONS 全球熟练度分数显示出与英语语言能力和英语阅读的状态评估之间的中等相关性。讨论了 MTSS/RTI 框架中口语评估的含义和未来的研究方向。