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The chimera of time: Exploring the functional properties of an emergency response room in action
Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management ( IF 3.420 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-11 , DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12353
Riana Steen 1 , Riccardo Patriarca 2 , Giulio Di Gravio 2
Affiliation  

Emergency response (ER) planners have developed plans either under "all-hazards" approach, focusing on a full spectrum of emergencies or under a specific scenario—in which planning underlines aligned actions to respond to a particular situation. Either of them represents the so-called Work-As-Imagined (WAI) operation. However, the growing complexity, the scope of emerging situation and the level of uncertainty, create unpredicted challenges for ER operation, which represent another variety of work named Work-As-Done (WAD). These challenges require different degrees of adaptation to avoid the cascading impacts of an event into an accident, or even a disaster. Drawing upon the traditional Functional Resonance Analysis (FRAM), we provide a novel FRAM representation, which reflects adaptive capacities on functional inter-relationships, and their evolution over time in different scenarios. Rather than using time as an aspect of the FRAM hexagon in its traditional sense, we propose an explicit time-dependent analysis. We outline how to make the chimera of time response feasible in ER operations and how to represent respective sources of success. Based on our FRAM approach, we conduct an incident analysis referred to an event that happened in Gjøa in 2017, in Norway at the North Sea, to understand adaptation in the four different ER phases, that is mobilizing, alert/warning, combat and normalization.

中文翻译:

时间的嵌合体:探索应急响应室的功能特性

应急响应 (ER) 计划人员根据“所有危害”方法制定了计划,重点关注全方位的紧急情况,或者在特定情况下制定计划——其中计划强调应对特定情况的一致行动。它们中的任何一个都代表所谓的按想象工作 (WAI) 操作。然而,日益复杂的情况、新出现的情况的范围和不确定性的程度,给 ER 操作带来了无法预料的挑战,这代表了另一种称为 Work-As-Done (WAD) 的工作。这些挑战需要不同程度的适应,以避免事件的级联影响演变成事故甚至灾难。借鉴传统的功能共振分析(FRAM),我们提供了一种新颖的 FRAM 表示,它反映了功能相互关系的适应能力,以及它们在不同情况下随时间的演变。我们没有将时间用作传统意义上的 FRAM 六边形的一个方面,而是提出了一种明确的时间相关分析。我们概述了如何使时间响应的嵌合体在 ER 操作中可行,以及如何表示各自的成功来源。基于我们的 FRAM 方法,我们针对 2017 年在挪威北海 Gjøa 发生的事件进行了事件分析,以了解四个不同 ER 阶段的适应情况,即动员、警报/警告、战斗和正常化. 我们概述了如何使时间响应的嵌合体在 ER 操作中可行,以及如何表示各自的成功来源。基于我们的 FRAM 方法,我们针对 2017 年在挪威北海 Gjøa 发生的事件进行了事件分析,以了解四个不同 ER 阶段的适应情况,即动员、警报/警告、战斗和正常化. 我们概述了如何使时间响应的嵌合体在 ER 操作中可行,以及如何表示各自的成功来源。基于我们的 FRAM 方法,我们针对 2017 年在挪威北海 Gjøa 发生的事件进行了事件分析,以了解四个不同 ER 阶段的适应情况,即动员、警报/警告、战斗和正常化.
更新日期:2021-02-11
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