ABSTRACT

Introduction

Recent statistics have reported colorectal cancer (CRC) as the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in the world. Early diagnosis of CRC may help to reduce the mortality and associated complications. However, the conventional diagnostic techniques often lead to misdiagnosis, fail to differentiate benign from malignant tissue or diagnose only at an advanced stage. For the treatment of CRC, surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy have been employed. However, the quality of living of the CRC patients is highly compromised after employing current therapeutic approaches owing to the toxicity issues and relapse.

Area covered

This review accentuates the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis, stages of CRC, conventional approaches for diagnosis and therapy of CRC and the issues confronted thereby. It provides an outlook on the advantages of employing nanotechnology-based approaches for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of CRC.

Expert opinion

Employing nanotechnology-based approaches has demonstrated promising outcomes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC. Nanotechnology-based approaches can surmount the major drawbacks of traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Nanotechnology bestows the advantage of early detection of CRC which helps to undertake instant steps for offering efficient therapy and reducing the mortality rates. For the treatment of CRC, nanocarriers offer the benefit of achieving controlled drug release, improved drug bioavailability, enhanced tumor targetability and reduced adverse effects.

中文翻译：

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战胜癌症：用纳米技术入侵结直肠癌

摘要

介绍

最近的统计数据表明，结直肠癌 (CRC) 是世界上癌症相关死亡的第二大原因。CRC的早期诊断可能有助于降低死亡率和相关并发症。然而，传统的诊断技术常常导致误诊，无法区分良恶性组织或仅在晚期诊断。对于CRC的治疗，已经采用手术、化学疗法、免疫疗法和放射疗法。然而，由于毒性问题和复发，在采用目前的治疗方法后，结直肠癌患者的生活质量受到严重影响。

覆盖面积

这篇综述强调了参与 CRC 发病机制、分期、CRC 诊断和治疗的常规方法以及由此面临的问题的分子机制。它概述了采用基于纳米技术的方法预防、早期诊断和治疗 CRC 的优势。

专家意见

采用基于纳米技术的方法已在 CRC 的预防、诊断和治疗方面取得了可喜的成果。基于纳米技术的方法可以克服传统诊断和治疗方法的主要缺点。纳米技术赋予结直肠癌早期检测的优势，这有助于采取即时步骤提供有效治疗并降低死亡率。对于 CRC 的治疗，纳米载体提供了实现药物控制释放、提高药物生物利用度、增强肿瘤靶向性和减少不良反应的好处。