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Exposure to permethrin or chlorpyrifos causes differential dose- and time-dependent behavioral effects at early larval stages of an endangered teleost species
Endangered Species Research ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-11 , DOI: 10.3354/esr01091
Paige C Mundy 1 , Kara E Huff Hartz 2 , Corie A Fulton 2 , Michael J Lydy 2 , Susanne M Brander 3 , Tien-Chieh Hung 4 , Nann A Fangue 5 , Richard E Connon 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT: Pyrethroid and organophosphate pesticides are two of the most commonly used classes of insecticide worldwide. At sublethal concentrations, permethrin (a pyrethroid) and chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate) impact behavior in model fish species. We investigated behavioral effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of permethrin or chlorpyrifos on early larval delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, a Critically Endangered teleost species endemic to the San Francisco Bay Delta, California, USA. Using a photomotor behavioral assay of oscillating light and dark periods, we measured distance moved, turn angle, meander, angular velocity, rotations, thigmotaxis (time spent in the border versus center), and swim speed duration and frequency. The lowest concentrations of permethrin used in the tests (0.05 and 0.5 µg l-1) caused significant increases in distance moved at 72 and 96 h, respectively. At 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure, 5 µg l-1 of permethrin caused a hyperactive state in which the larvae significantly decreased thigmotaxis, quickly turning in short bouts of activity, characterized by significant increases in rotations and freezing events. Larvae exposed to 0.05 µg l-1 chlorpyrifos significantly increased thigmotaxis at 72 and 96 h. In response to 5 µg l-1 chlorpyrifos, larvae significantly increased velocity at 72 h exposure, and significantly increased freezing events at 96 h. Behavioral data on larval delta smelt exposed to contaminants present in their limited habitat have the potential to aid evaluations of the suitability of spawning and rearing habitats for this endangered species, thus improving conservation management strategies focused on this sensitive life stage.

中文翻译:

暴露于氯菊酯或毒死蜱会在濒危硬骨鱼物种的早期幼虫阶段导致不同的剂量和时间依赖性行为影响

摘要:拟除虫菊酯和有机磷农药是世界上最常用的两类杀虫剂。在亚致死浓度下,氯菊酯(一种拟除虫菊酯)和毒死蜱(一种有机磷)会影响模型鱼类的行为。我们研究了环境相关浓度的氯菊酯或毒死蜱对早期幼虫 delta 冶炼跨太平洋海波鱼的行为影响,美国加利福尼亚州旧金山湾三角洲特有的一种极度濒危的硬骨鱼物种。使用振荡光和暗周期的光运动行为分析,我们测量了移动距离、转角、曲折、角速度、旋转、趋向性(在边界与中心花费的时间)以及游泳速度持续时间和频率。测试中使用的最低浓度的氯菊酯(0.05 和 0.5 µg l -1)分别导致移动距离在 72 小时和 96 小时时显着增加。在暴露48、72和 96 小时时,5 µg l -1的氯菊酯引起过度活跃状态,其中幼虫显着降低触性,在短时间活动中迅速转向,其特征是旋转和冻结事件显着增加。幼虫暴露于 0.05 µg l-1毒死蜱在 72 和 96 小时显着增加触感。为响应 5 µg l -1毒死蜱,幼虫在暴露 72 小时时速度显着增加,并在 96 小时时显着增加冻结事件。暴露于其有限栖息地中存在的污染物的幼虫三角洲的行为数据有可能有助于评估这种濒危物种的产卵和饲养栖息地的适宜性,从而改进专注于这一敏感生命阶段的保护管理策略。
更新日期:2021-02-11
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