Parentification occurs when children are unfairly charged with fulfilling parental instrumental and emotional needs. Parentification is associated with risk to evaluative self cognitions from childhood to emerging adulthood, but this association has not yet been studied among parents. The transition to parenthood is typically characterized by declines in self-esteem, suggesting it is a critical period for understanding the risk parentification history poses to evaluative self-cognitions and evaluative cognitions about children. The present study addresses these gaps using longitudinal data (N = 374 first-time mothers) to examine the influence of maternal parentification history domains (emotional and instrumental caregiving, role unfairness) on trajectories of maternal evaluative cognitions about the self (self-esteem, parenting self-efficacy) and about the child (difficult child temperament, dissatisfaction with child contributions to relationships) in early parenthood. A spillover model was also examined such that evaluative cognitions about the self were examined as potential mediators between parentification history and evaluative cognitions about children. Results support associations between the role unfairness domain of parentification and each domain of maternal evaluative cognitions and a significant indirect effect of unfairness on risk to maternal evaluative cognitions about child contributions via parenting self-efficacy. Implications for mother–child relationships and processes of intergenerational transmission of parentification are discussed.

中文翻译：

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母亲教养历史影响对自我、养育子女和孩子的评价性认知

当孩子被不公平地要求满足父母的工具和情感需求时，就会发生父母化。父母化与从童年到成年期的自我评价性认知风险相关，但这种关联尚未在父母中进行过研究。为人父母的过渡通常以自尊下降为特征，这表明这是了解为人父母的历史对评价性自我认知和对儿童的评价性认知带来的风险的关键时期。本研究使用纵向数据（N = 374 位第一次当妈妈）来检查母亲育儿历史领域（情感和工具性照顾、角色不公平）对母亲对自我（自尊、养育自我效能）和孩子（困难）的评价认知轨迹的影响儿童气质、对儿童对人际关系的贡献的不满）在早期为人父母。还检查了溢出模型，以便将关于自我的评价性认知作为父母化历史和关于儿童的评价性认知之间的潜在中介进行检查。结果支持育儿的角色不公平领域与母亲评估认知的每个领域之间的关联，以及不公平对母亲通过养育自我效能感对儿童贡献的评估认知风险的显着间接影响。