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Thirty-six years of no-tillage regime altered weed population dynamics in soybean
Agronomy Journal ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 , DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20631
Prabhu Govindasamy 1, 2 , Debalin Sarangi 1, 3 , Tony Provin 1 , Frank Hons 1 , Muthukumar Bagavathiannan 1
Affiliation  

Changes to tillage practices can impact weed species composition and population dynamics in arable fields. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the impact of long-term (36 yr) no-tillage (NT) and conventional-tillage (CT) systems on weed species composition, density, seedling emergence, and diversity, in a continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] system in Southeast Texas. Results from 2016 and 2017 observations showed that weed species composition varied between CT and NT, and the total density was greater in NT (14 and 86 plants m–2 for summer and winter annuals, respectively) compared to CT (3 and 45 plants m–2, respectively). Moreover, tall waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer], prostrate spurge [Chamaesyce humistrata (Engelm. ex Gray) Small], and red sprangletop [Dinebra panicea (Retz.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow] emergence was delayed in NT compared to CT. Vertical distribution (70-cm depth) of viable weed seeds in the soil profile was also influenced by tillage regime; greater proportion of weed seeds were present on the soil surface (0–5 cm) in NT (57–80% among different species) compared to CT (38–56%). However, weed diversity indices did not differ between CT and NT. Results indicate that long-term NT, even with herbicide management, can lead to greater weed densities with a shift towards small-seeded annual species (common purslane [Portulaca oleraceae L.], parsley-piert [Aphanes arvensis L.], cutleaf groundcherry [Physalis angulate L.]). Growers transitioning to NT should be cognizant of potential changes to weed population dynamics as a result of altered tillage regime and devise strategies for effective management.

中文翻译:

36 年的免耕制度改变了大豆中的杂草种群动态

耕作方式的改变会影响耕地中的杂草种类组成和种群动态。本研究的目的是评估和比较长期(36 年)免耕 (NT) 和常规耕作 (CT) 系统对杂草种类组成、密度、幼苗和多样性的影响,持续进行。德克萨斯州东南部的大豆 [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] 系统。2016 年和 2017 年的观测结果表明,CT 和 NT 之间的杂草种类组成有所不同,NT 的总密度(夏季和冬季一年生植物分别为14 和 86 株 m –2)与 CT 相比(3 和 45 株 m –2,分别)。此外,高大的水麻[ Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer]、匍匐茎[ Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer]Chamaesyce humistrata (Engelm. ex Gray) Small] 和红色 sprangletop [ Dinebra panicea (Retz.) PM Peterson & N. Snow] 的出现在 NT 与 CT 相比延迟。土壤剖面中有活力的杂草种子的垂直分布(70 厘米深度)也受耕作制度的影响;与 CT (38-56%) 相比,NT 土壤表面 (0-5 厘米) 上的杂草种子比例更高(不同物种中为 57-80%)。然而,杂草多样性指数在 CT 和 NT 之间没有差异。结果表明,即使使用除草剂管理,长期 NT 也会导致更大的杂草密度,并会转向一年生小种子物种(普通马齿苋 [ Portulaca oleraceae L.]、欧芹 [ Aphanes arvensis L.]、cutleaf groundcherry [酸浆有角L.])。过渡到 NT 的种植者应该意识到由于耕作制度改变而导致的杂草种群动态的潜在变化,并制定有效管理策略。
更新日期:2021-02-10
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