The distribution of relief materials is an important part of post-disaster emergency rescue. To meet the needs of the relief materials in the affected areas after a sudden disaster and ensure its smooth progress, an optimized dispatch model for multiple periods and multiple modes of transportation supported by the Internet of Things is established according to the characteristics of relief materials. Through the urgent production of relief materials, market procurement, and the use of inventory collection, the needs of the disaster area are met and the goal of minimizing system response time and total cost is achieved. The model is solved using CPLX software, and numerical simulation and results are analyzed using the example of the COVID-19 in Wuhan City, and the dispatching strategies are given under different disruption scenarios. The results show that the scheduling optimization method can meet the material demand of the disaster area with shorter time and lower cost compared with other methods, and can better cope with the supply interruptions that occur in post-disaster rescue.

救灾物资发放是灾后应急救援的重要组成部分。为满足突发灾害后灾区救灾物资的需求并保障其顺利进行，根据救灾物资特点，建立了物联网支持的多时段、多种运输方式的优化调度模型。通过救灾物资的紧急生产、市场采购、库存回收等方式，满足灾区的需求，达到最小化系统响应时间和总成本的目标。利用CPLX软件对模型进行求解，并以武汉市COVID-19为例进行数值模拟和结果分析，给出不同中断场景下的调度策略。结果表明，与其他方法相比，调度优化方法能够以更短的时间、更低的成本满足灾区的物资需求，能够更好地应对灾后救援中出现的供应中断。