This review paper proposes a critical overview of experimental techniques and innovative experimental methods to observe and deeply understand the migration of water inside wood and biosourced materials. The state of the art of the knowledge of water transfer phenomena are first presented, namely liquid and bound water migration, together with shrinkage/swelling. Then, the papers presenting the 3D imaging techniques at high resolution offered by recent technologies, such as magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray tomography, and in situ tomography-mechanical tests. They enable visualization and analysis of water transfer mechanisms in eco-responsible materials such as natural fiber-concretes, wood, and biobased insulating materials. The 2D and 3D images processed with specific software packages allow for an overview of the distribution and orientation of the material components, as well as the moisture-content field which affects most properties of the materials such as mechanical properties (compression and tensile strength), hygro-thermal performance, as well as durability. Finally, the Digital Volume Correlation method allows for the observation and evaluation of deformation, cracks and failure mechanisms resulting from either a mechanical or hydric loading. The paper intends to help the reader to acquire a deep understanding of water imbibition and drying mechanisms in such materials.

这篇综述文章对实验技术和创新性实验方法进行了重要的概述，以观察和深刻理解木材和生物来源材料中水的迁移。首先介绍了有关水转移现象的知识水平，即液体和约束水的迁移以及收缩/溶胀。然后，论文介绍了最新技术提供的高分辨率3D成像技术，例如磁共振成像，X射线断层扫描，以及原位层析成像机械测试。它们使可视化和分析生态负责任的材料（如天然纤维混凝土，木材和生物基绝缘材料）中的水传递机理成为可能。使用特定软件包处理的2D和3D图像可概述材料成分的分布和方向，以及影响材料大多数特性（例如机械性能（压缩和拉伸强度），湿热性能以及耐久性。最后，数字体积相关方法允许观察和评估由机械或液压载荷引起的变形，裂缝和破坏机理。