While Federation in 1901 failed to lodge in the popular imagination, Australians widely embraced the idea that their nation was born at Gallipoli during World War I. Despite its subsequent ubiquity, the form of nationalism that spawned the legend of martial birth was not the only kind that had currency during World War I. This article traces the ideal of Australian nationhood held by imperialist liberals, such as Alfred Deakin and members of the Round Table group, through the campaign for imperial federation. It argues that the distance between Australian and British interests that became apparent during the war and the peace process put paid to Australian interest in imperial federation, and to the quasi-mystical ideal of nationalism that went with it. Australians were left with a martial nationalism that was more strident, parochial and anxious than the imperial liberalism that propelled the Federation movement.

尽管1901年的联邦未能在大众的想象中发挥作用，但澳大利亚人广泛接受了其国家在第一次世界大战期间出生于加里波利的想法。尽管后来普遍存在，但产生武术诞生的传说的民族主义形式并不是唯一的一种。这篇文章通过帝国联盟运动追溯了帝国主义自由主义者，例如阿尔弗雷德·迪金（Alfred Deakin）和圆桌会议成员的澳大利亚所拥有的理想国家。它认为，在战争和和平进程中显而易见的澳大利亚和英国利益之间的距离使澳大利亚对帝国联盟的利益以及随之而来的民族主义的准神秘主义理想化。澳大利亚人留下了更为尖锐的军事民族主义，